Finding a viable electrolyte for next-generation 5 V-class lithium-ion batteries is of primary importance. A long-standing obstacle has been metal-ion dissolution at high voltages. The LiPF6 salt in conventional electrolytes is chemically unstable, which accelerates transition metal dissolution of the electrode material, yet beneficially suppresses oxidative dissolution of the aluminium current collector; replacing LiPF6 with more stable lithium salts may diminish transition metal dissolution but unfortunately encounters severe aluminium oxidation. Here we report an electrolyte design that can solve this dilemma. By mixing a stable lithium salt LiN(SO2F)2 with dimethyl carbonate solvent at extremely high concentrations, we obtain an unusual liquid showing a three-dimensional network of anions and solvent molecules that coordinate strongly to Li(+) ions. This simple formulation of superconcentrated LiN(SO2F)2/dimethyl carbonate electrolyte inhibits the dissolution of both aluminium and transition metal at around 5 V, and realizes a high-voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/graphite battery that exhibits excellent cycling durability, high rate capability and enhanced safety.

Superconcentrated Electrolytes for a High-Voltage Lithium-Ion Battery

Study on the application of reduced graphene oxide and multiwall carbon nanotubes hybrid materials for simultaneous determination of catechol, hydroquinone, p-cresol and nitrite.

In the present study, mpg-C3N4/Ag/ZnO NWs/Zn photocatalyst plates were fabricated through facile dip-coating process of silver (Ag) and mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (mpg-C3N4) onto zinc oxide nanowires (ZnO NWs) previously formed by electrochemical anodizing of Zn plates. The structure, optical and electrochemical characterizations of the fabricated samples were investigated by XRD, FESEM, EDX, TEM, FTIR, BET, PL, UV–vis DRS, and EIS analyses. To evaluate the photocatalytic activity of the plates, the main key factors such as number of photocatalyst plates, dye concentration, initial pH, and reaction time for the degradation of Direct Orange 26 (DO26) dye under ultraviolet (UV) light illumination were studied. The best photocatalytic efficiency of 94 % was achieved using four photocatalyst plates, 10 mg/L DO26, and pH = 6 in 120 min of reaction time. The integration of the mpg-C3N4/Ag/ZnO NWs/Zn plates, adsorption, and photolysis inferred the existence of a synergy index of 5 for the degradation of target pollutant. In the presence of edetate disodium (EDTA-2Na) and ethanol (EtOH), degradation efficiency of DO26 was remarkably dropped to 43.6 % and 19.3 % by the photocatalytic process respectively, indicating the major role of h+ and OH in the destruction of target molecules. The overwhelming photocatalytic mechanism of the photocatalyst was further clarified for the elimination of DO26. The fabricated photocatalyst demonstrated remarkable stability and recyclability for four consecutive catalytic cycles. Fabrication of the mpg-C3N4/Ag/ZnO NWs/Zn plates is anticipated to be a rational design for photocatalytic degradation of various pollutants.

Facile fabrication of mpg-C3N4/Ag/ZnO nanowires/Zn photocatalyst plates for photodegradation of dye pollutant

Rapid, sensitive, and reusable detection of glucose by highly monodisperse nickel nanoparticles decorated functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes.

Background As a critical topic of international concern, food safety has received great attention in recent years. The hazardous substances (such as antibiotics, heavy metal ions, food additives, and foodborne bacteria) in foodstuffs would cause threat to human health and economic losses in food industry. Despite of high sensitivity, accuracy, and reliability of conventional techniques for analysis of food contaminants, they often require complicated apparatus, well-trained personalized operation, and laborious and time-consuming procedure. In this regard, new sensing strategies for convenient, fast, and sensitive detection of food contaminants should be developed for food safety. Scope and approach Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), as a large category of porous crystalline materials, could be used as efficient platforms for constructing diverse chemosensors and biosensors, for their high porosity, adjustable compositions or structures, and good stability. A variety of MOFs, MOFs-based composites, and MOFs-based derivatives show excellent fluorescence (FL), chemical functionality, and strong bioaffinity toward probes (DNA, aptamers, or antibodies), exhibiting great potentials as FL emitters, electrode materials, or platforms of biosensors for selective and sensitive detection of hazard analytes in foodstuffs. By coupling with different determination techniques such as FL, electrochemical (EC), photoelectrochemical (PEC) or surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy methods, MOFs-based materials have shown promising applications for detecting diverse analytes. Furthermore, the current challenges and future developments of MOFs-based materials for analysis of food contaminants have been discussed. Key findings and conclusions Although some reviews on the applications of MOFs in food packing and food safety have been documented, this comprehensive review will provide new insights to the construction of chemosensors and biosensors with MOFs-based materials for determination of food contaminants toward food safety monitoring.

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) based chemosensors/biosensors for analysis of food contaminants

Quenched electrochemiluminescence sensor of ZnO@g-C3N4 modified glassy carbon electrode for fipronil determination

A novel palygorskite-modified carbon paste amperometric sensor for catechol determination

Palygorskite–expanded graphite electrodes for catalytic electro-oxidation of phenol

A simple and reliable voltammetric sensor for simultaneous determination of hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CC) was developed on an electrochemically activated glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The cyclic voltammograms in a mixed solution of HQ and CC have shown that the oxidation peaks become well resolved and were separated by 108 mV, although the bare GCE gave a single broad oxidation peak. Moreover, the oxidation peak currents of both HQ and CC were remarkably increased at the electrochemically activated GCE, which makes it suitable for simultaneous determination of these isomers. In the presence of 5.0 × 10−5 mol L−1 isomer, the oxidation peak currents of square wave voltammograms are proportional to the concentration of HQ in the range of 1.0 × 10−6 to 1.0 × 10−4 mol L−1, and to that of CC in the range of 2.0 × 10−6 to 1.0 × 10−4 mol L−1. The corresponding detection limits for HQ and CC are as low as 1.8 × 10−8 and 3.2 × 10−8 mol L−1 (S/N = 3), respectively.

A voltammetric sensor based on electrochemically activated glassy carbon electrode for simultaneous determination of hydroquinone and catechol

ZnO/CNT-COOHs based solid-state ECL sensor for tetracycline detection in fishpond water

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