Monitoring vibrations in rotating machinery allows effective diagnostics, as abnormal functioning states are related to specific patterns that can be extracted from vibration signals. Extensively studied issues concern the different methodologies used for carrying out the main phases (signal measurements, pre-processing and processing, feature selection, and fault diagnosis) of a malfunction automatic diagnosis. In addition, vibration-based condition monitoring has been applied to a number of different mechanical systems or components. In this review, a systematic study of the works related to the topic was carried out. A preliminary phase involved the analysis of the publication distribution, to understand what was the interest in studying the application of the method to the various rotating machineries, to identify the interest in the investigation of the main phases of the diagnostic process, and to identify the techniques mainly used for each single phase of the process. Subsequently, the different techniques of signal processing, feature selection, and diagnosis are analyzed in detail, highlighting their effectiveness as a function of the investigated aspects and of the results obtained in the various studies. The most significant research trends, as well as the main innovations related to the various phases of vibration-based condition monitoring, emerge from the review, and the conclusions provide hints for future ideas. 

/pdf/a-review-on-vibration-based-condition-monitoring-of-rotating-1rwkagxg.pdf

A Review on Vibration-Based Condition Monitoring of Rotating Machinery

High data throughput during real-time vibration monitoring can easily lead to network congestion, insufficient data storage space, heavy computing burden, and high communication costs. As a new computing paradigm, edge computing is deemed to be a good solution to these problems. In this paper, perceptual hashing is proposed as an edge computing form, aiming not only to reduce the data dimensionality but also to extract and represent the machine condition information. A sub-band coding method based on wavelet packet transform, two-dimensional discrete cosine transform, and symbolic aggregate approximation is developed for perceptual vibration hashing. When the sub-band coding method is implemented on a monitoring terminal, the acquired kilobyte-long vibration signal can be transformed into a machine condition hash occupying only a few bytes. Therefore, the efficiency of condition monitoring can benefit from the compactness of the machine condition hash, while comparable diagnostic and prognostic results can still be achieved. The effectiveness of the developed method is verified with two benchmark bearing datasets. Considerations on practical condition monitoring applications are also presented.

/pdf/perceptual-vibration-hashing-by-sub-band-coding-an-edge-53y2yaxs8e.pdf

Perceptual Vibration Hashing by Sub-Band Coding: An Edge Computing Method for Condition Monitoring

Research progress on oil-immersed transformer mechanical condition identification based on vibration signals

Fueled by increasing data availability and the rise of technological advances for data processing and communication, business analytics is a key driver for smart manufacturing. However, due to the multitude of different local advances as well as its multidisciplinary complexity, both researchers and practitioners struggle to keep track of the progress and acquire new knowledge within the field, as there is a lack of a holistic conceptualization. To address this issue, we performed an extensive structured literature review, yielding 904 relevant hits, to develop a quadripartite taxonomy as well as to derive archetypes of business analytics in smart manufacturing. The taxonomy comprises the following meta-characteristics: application domain, orientation as the objective of the analysis, data origins, and analysis techniques. Collectively, they comprise eight dimensions with a total of 52 distinct characteristics. Using a cluster analysis, we found six archetypes that represent a synthesis of existing knowledge on planning, maintenance (reactive, offline, and online predictive), monitoring, and quality management. A temporal analysis highlights the push beyond predictive approaches and confirms that deep learning already dominates novel applications. Our results constitute an entry point to the field but can also serve as a reference work and a guide with which to assess the adequacy of one's own instruments.

A Taxonomy and Archetypes of Business Analytics in Smart Manufacturing.

This paper develops generalized sparse filtering (GSF) by applying general norm normalization to improve the feature learning ability. A rotating machinery fault diagnosis method is then developed by combining the GSF and softmax regression. A rolling bearing dataset is applied to validate the performance of the developed method. The influences of normalization parameters on the diagnostic performance are investigated in detail, and thus, the best parameter combinations are determined based on the diagnostic accuracy and computing time. A planetary gearbox dataset is also applied to further validate the diagnostic performance on rotating machinery. Finally, the mechanism of the GSF is explained using a simple example. The results show that the GSF has a more powerful feature learning capacity than standard sparse filtering, and the developed method can obtain excellent diagnostic performance. Two variants of the developed method are recommended for the rotating machinery fault diagnosis.

Generalized sparse filtering for rotating machinery fault diagnosis

A common problem that machine condition monitoring encounters is the high data throughput and bandwidth consumption, especially for wave signals sampled with high frequency. In order to reduce the data dimension while retrieve much diagnostic information from the monitored data, a new methodology is proposed based on perceptual hashing, which can take the respective advantage of Cloud computing and Edge computing. The feasibility of this methodology is discussed and demonstrated through a naive perceptual hashing example with bearing vibration signals. Considerations in perceptual hashing of monitored data and modeling for performance assessment, diagnosis and prognosis are further discussed. With perceptual hashing, not only the data dimension can be reduced, but also the diagnostic modeling can benefit from the geometric structure of machine condition hash (MCH).

A new methodology for condition monitoring based on perceptual hashing

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Perceptual Vibration Hashing by Sub-Band Coding: An Edge Computing Method for Condition Monitoring

A new methodology for condition monitoring based on perceptual hashing