The use of zero-valent iron for groundwater remediation and wastewater treatment: a review.

Functionalized nanoporous carbon materials have attracted the colossal interest of the materials science fraternity owing to their intriguing physical and chemical properties including a well-ordered porous structure, exemplary high specific surface areas, electronic and ionic conductivity, excellent accessibility to active sites, and enhanced mass transport and diffusion. These properties make them a special and unique choice for various applications in divergent fields such as energy storage batteries, supercapacitors, energy conversion fuel cells, adsorption/separation of bulky molecules, heterogeneous catalysts, catalyst supports, photocatalysis, carbon capture, gas storage, biomolecule detection, vapour sensing and drug delivery. Because of the anisotropic and synergistic effects arising from the heteroatom doping at the nanoscale, these novel materials show high potential especially in electrochemical applications such as batteries, supercapacitors and electrocatalysts for fuel cell applications and water electrolysis. In order to gain the optimal benefit, it is necessary to implement tailor made functionalities in the porous carbon surfaces as well as in the carbon skeleton through the comprehensive experimentation. These most appealing nanoporous carbon materials can be synthesized through the carbonization of high carbon containing molecular precursors by using soft or hard templating or non-templating pathways. This review encompasses the approaches and the wide range of methodologies that have been employed over the last five years in the preparation and functionalisation of nanoporous carbon materials via incorporation of metals, non-metal heteroatoms, multiple heteroatoms, and various surface functional groups that mostly dictate their place in a wide range of practical applications.

Recent advances in functionalized micro and mesoporous carbon materials: synthesis and applications

Carbon as Catalyst and Support for Electrochemical Energy Conversion

Biochar-supported nZVI (nZVI/BC) for contaminant removal from soil and water: A critical review.

Sulfidation has gained increasing interest in recent years for improving the sequestration of contaminants by zerovalent iron (ZVI). In view of the bright prospects of the sulfidated ZVI (S-ZVI), this review comprehensively summarized the latest developments in sulfidation of ZVI, particularly that of nanoscale ZVI (S-nZVI). The milestones in development of S-ZVI technology including its background, enlightenment, synthesis, characterization, water remediation and treatment, etc., are summarized. Under most circumstances, sulfidation can enhance the sequestration of various organic compounds and metal(loid)s by ZVI to various extents. In particular, the reactivity of S-ZVI toward contaminants is strongly dependent on S/Fe molar ratio, sulfidation method, and solution chemistry. Additionally, sulfidation can improve the selectivity of ZVI toward targeted contaminant over water under anaerobic conditions. The mechanisms of sulfidation-induced improvement in contaminants sequestration by ZVI are also summarized. Finally, this review identifies the current knowledge gaps and future research needs of S-ZVI for environmental application.

Advances in Sulfidation of Zerovalent Iron for Water Decontamination.

Synthesis of nanoscale zero-valent iron/ordered mesoporous carbon for adsorption and synergistic reduction of nitrobenzene.

Mesoporous carbon materials with controlled pore and wall structures have promising applications in energy storage. In this work, we prepare a series of ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) by adjusting the pyrolysis temperature via a soft templating and catalytic graphitization approach. The structure of graphitic tubules formed in the pyrolysis process from the hexagonally ordered OMCs is investigated using electron tomography. It is observed that the long axis of the tubules is parallel to the mesochannels, i.e. along the [001] direction. The structural parameters and electrochemical properties of the OMCs are comprehensively characterized. From our systematic study it is concluded that in order to prepare OMCs with high capacitance, good retention and excellent cyclability, an optimised synthesis condition is adjusted at which graphitisation is maximised while the formation of graphitic tubules is inhibited. OMC synthesized at an optimum temperature of 800 °C provided a high specific gravimetric capacitance of 182 F g−1 at the current load of 0.025 A g−1 in 1 M H2SO4 and retained 74% capacitance at a high current load of 5 A g−1, whilst also providing a stable cycling performance up to 10 000 cycles at this strenuous load. Our work has shed new light on the designed synthesis of OMCs with improved performance as supercapacitors for energy storage applications.

Formation of graphitic tubules from ordered mesoporous carbon and their effect on supercapacitive energy storage

The invention discloses a synthesis method of graphitized ordered mesoporous carbon at low temperature. The method comprises the following steps: by a soft template path, introducing a metal precursor salt with a catalytic graphitizing effect in the organic-organic self assembly process of a carbon source and a surfactant, then carbonizing in an inert gas atmosphere, and carrying out one-step synthesis to obtain the graphitized ordered mesoporous carbon material. The method combines two independent steps of synthesis of the mesoporous carbon material and metal load into one step, greatly simplifies the synthesis steps, has simple and convenient operation, combines the carbonization process and the graphitizing conversion process, reduces the damage of high temperature to the ordered structure of the material, and greatly reduces the heat treatment temperature of graphitizing by utilizing the catalytic effect of metal. Compared with non-graphitized ordered mesoporous carbon material, the material serving as a catalyst carrier shows better electro-catalysis performance and provides a new choice for fuel-cell catalyst carriers.

Low-temperature soft template one-step synthesis method for graphitized ordered mesoporous carbon material

The invention discloses an efficient antisludging agent suitable for seawater desalinization by a hot method. The effective components of the compound type antisludging agent comprise maleic acid substances, organic phosphonic acid substances, dispersing agent substances and bacteriacide substances. The compound type antisludging agent is suitable for high salinity condition of seawater, when the dosage of the compound type antisludging agent is 10mg/L, extremely high calcium ion retention rate is still maintained under the condition that the seawater is concentrated by 2 times and the temperature of 90 DEG C is constantly kept for 5 hours; the sludge sample is softened, is dispersed and has less possibility of being adhered to the surface of equipment by using the compound type antisludging agent under the condition that the seawater is concentrated by 2 times and the temperature of 90 DEG C is constantly kept for 20 hours; and for a low-temperature multiple-effect seawater distillation desalinization process, the compound type antisludging agent is a special antisludging agent.

Special compound type antisludging agent for seawater desalinization by hot method

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Synthesis of nanoscale zero-valent iron/ordered mesoporous carbon for adsorption and synergistic reduction of nitrobenzene.

Formation of graphitic tubules from ordered mesoporous carbon and their effect on supercapacitive energy storage

Low-temperature soft template one-step synthesis method for graphitized ordered mesoporous carbon material

Special compound type antisludging agent for seawater desalinization by hot method