The thermal runaway gases, such as CO, CO2, CH4, and C2H4, will leak from the battery electrolyte when lithium batteries in extreme discharge or thermal runaway conditions. The structural properties, differential charge density (DCD), density of state (DOS), gas adsorption properties, desorption time, work function and front-orbit theory calculation of pristine and Au doped CdS monolayer are explored and compared by first-principle calculation. The adsorption energy of CO, CO2, CH4 and C2H4 on the surface of Au-CdS are -0.89 eV, -0.40 eV, -0.14 eV and -0.77 eV, respectively. After doping, the adsorption type of CO and C2H4 are chemical type. Partial density of states shows that the gas molecules react with doped precious metal atoms. The adsorption ability of Au-CdS can be ranged as CO>C2H4>CO2>CH4. C2H4 on the surface of Au-CdS can desorb within 10 second at room temperature. As a result, Au-CdS exhibits tremendous prospective application as CO or C2H4 gas sensor. This study demonstrates that the adsorption and sensing properties of CdS monolayer can be improved effectively by the introduction of precious metal. 

A comparative DFT study on the adsorption properties of lithium batteries thermal runaway gases CO, CO2, CH4 and C2H4 on pristine and Au doped CdS monolayer

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/11/5/147/pdf

A Portable and Flexible Self-Powered Multifunctional Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring in Swimming.

A Self-Powered Portable Flexible Sensor of Monitoring Speed Skating Techniques.

Gas sensing devices have gained substantial attention by using semiconducting heterojunctions composed of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDs) materials, offering increased sensitivity, stability, selectivity, and full recoverability. However, a deeper understanding of the sensing behavior of these heterojunctions is necessary. In this investigation, the focus centers on the fabrication of p-n heterojunction consisting of hexagonal molybdenum diselenide-tungsten disulfide (MoSe2-WS2) for room-temperature (RT, 27˚C) NO2 (Nitrogen dioxide) gas detection. A catalyst-free magnetron sputtering technique has been employed to fabricate the composite thin film of vertically aligned hydrophobic MoSe2-WS2 nanoworms on the n-type silicon substrate. The resulting sensor exhibited exceptional sensitivity (59.63%), quick response (68.90 s), and full recovery (65.68 s) towards 50 ppb NO2 even at RT, highlighting its strong affinity for NO2 molecules. The reliability of the as-fabricated MoSe2-WS2 composite thin film sensor has been confirmed by its high selectivity (59.63%) and long-term stability (> 60 days) towards 50 ppb NO2 at RT. The remarkable sensing capabilities of this innovative TMDs composite hold promising potential for future low-power and room-temperature NO2 gas sensors. 

Vertically Aligned MoSe2-WS2 Nanoworms Heterojunction towards Room Temperature NO2 Gas Sensors

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting heterojunction chemical sensors are in high demand because of their enhanced response, stability, and selectivity. However, fine-tuning heterojunctions using vapor deposition growth still needs further research. Our present study focuses on the ambient pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis of hexagonal tungsten sulfide-tungsten selenide (WS2–WSe2) p–p heterojunctions (as a 2D–2D arrangement). We use the liquid-phase exfoliation method to disperse bulk WS2 and WSe2 and decorate large flakes of WS2 with smaller WSe2 nanosheets in CVD. Electron microscopy and related surface investigations reveal their homogeneity on drop-casting. Two drops from the exfoliated heterojunction dispersion were drop-cast on a transducer to study the NO2 response and related sensing properties. The sensor showed long-term stability (>2 months), even at high humidity levels (40–90%). The gas-sensing properties of this layered p–p heterojunction-based nanocomposite strongly suggest an affinity toward NO2 gas, leading to improved response, high stability, independent of humidity effects, and high selectivity. 

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsanm.3c00435

Room-Temperature NO2 Sensing of CVD-Modified WS2–WSe2 Heterojunctions

Self-powered wearable sweat-lactate analyzer has been developed for training analysis of rowing. Tetrapodshaped ZnO nanowires are attached onto ordinary textiles to form a device. Based on the coupling of enzymatic reaction (lactate oxidase and lactic acid) and piezoelectric effect,\n the device can be attached to the tester to monitor the driving frequency, rowing distance and sweat lactic acid concentration of the tester in real-time. The relationship between the rowing frequency and physiological state is obtained by monitoring the rowing process of the tester, which\n is helpful to formulate a training plan belonging to the rowing tester. This study provides a new direction for the scientific monitoring of kinematics and accelerates the development of wearable sports equipment.

Self-Powered Wearable Sweat-Lactate Analyzer for Scheduling Training of Boat Race

ZnO-MgO composite catalysts were prepared by the coprecipitation method and used for the synthesis of methyl ethyl oxalate (EMO) from dimethyl oxalate (DMO) and ethanol (EtOH). The results of the SEM, XRD, FT-IR and XPS confirmed that Zn2+ ions were incorporated into the cubic MgO lattice to form the solid solution structure over ZnO-MgO composites catalysts with 6–18 mol% ZnO. The ZnO-MgO composite catalysts with a solid solution structure have a large specific surface area, high medium acidic density, and medium basic density according to the results of N2 adsorption-desorption, pyridine-IR (Py-IR) and NH3/CO2 temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD/CO2-TPD). The ZnxMg1-xO solid solution with 18 mol% ZnO-MgO (Zn0.18Mg0.82O) catalyst showed the highest catalytic activity with 71.98 % conversion of DMO and 67.36 % selectivity to EMO (DMO: EtOH molar ratio=1 : 2, reaction time=20 min, reaction temperature=80 °C and catalyst amount=1.5 wt%). The high catalytic activity was attributed to the solid solution structure with high medium acidic density and medium basic density. The conversion of DMO showed a positive linear correlation with the medium acidic density and medium basic density according to the correlation between catalytic activity and acidity-basicity. 

ZnxMg1‐xO Solid Solutions: Efficient Bifunctional Acid‐Base Catalyst for the synthesis of Methyl Ethyl Oxalate from Dimethyl Oxalate and Ethanol

A series of xFe2(MoO4)3/β catalysts with different loading of Fe2(MoO4)3 on the β zeolite were successfully prepared and used as catalysts for the synthesis of 2-ethoxyethyl acetate (EGEA) from ethyl acetate (EA) and 2-ethoxyethanol (EGEE). Fe2(MoO4)3 is successfully loaded on β zeolites according to the results of H2-TPR, UV–vis spectra, FT-IR spectra and XRD. According to the results of NH3-TPD and IR spectra of the pyridine adsorbed, the xFe2(MoO4)3/β has high proportion of medium to total acid density and bifunctional acids containing both Brønsted and Lewis acidic sites after the loading of Fe2(MoO4)3. The proportion of medium to total acid density increased from 30.9% to 44.58% with the Fe2(MoO4)3 loading increased from 0 to 13.3 wt%. The conversion of EGEE and selectivity to EGEA over 8.1%Fe2(MoO4)3/β are 74.8% and 100% respectively under the optimal reaction conditions, and the activity of 8.1%Fe2(MoO4)3/β almost maintained unchanged after 4 cycles. The high activity of 8.1%Fe2(MoO4)3/β is attributed to large specific surface area, the high proportion of medium-total acid density (44.58%), high Lewis/Brønsted ratio (3.86) and the synergistic action of the Brønsted and Lewis acidic sites. 

β supported Fe2(MoO4)3: An efficient solid acidic heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of 2-Ethoxyethyl acetate

Hpw Supported on Ammonium Hexafluorosilicate Modified Hβ: Efficient Catalysts for Ethylene Glycol and Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether Reaction with High Selectivity and Stability

Molybdenum-Containing Dendritic Mesoporous Silica Nanospheres as Effective Catalysts for Synthesis of Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate

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