A review on microgrid decentralized energy/voltage control structures and methods

Abstract Electrical power systems with their components such as generation, network, control and transmission equipment, management systems, and electrical loads are the backbone of modern life. Historical power outages caused by natural disasters or human failures show huge losses to the economy, environment, healthcare, and people’s lives. This paper presents a systematic review on three interconnected dimensions of (1) electric power system resilience (2) the electricity supply for/through Electric Vehicles (EVs), and (3) social vulnerability to power outages. This paper contributes to the existing literature and research by highlighting the importance of considering social vulnerability in the context of power system resilience and EVs, providing insights into addressing inequities in access to backup power resources during power outages. This paper first reviews power system resilience focusing on qualitative and quantitative metrics, evaluation methods, and planning and operation-based enhancement strategies for electric power systems during prolonged outages through microgrids, energy storage systems (e.g., battery, power-to-gas, and hydrogen energy storage systems), renewable energy sources, and demand response schemes. In addition, this study contributes to in-depth examination of the evolving role of EVs, as a backup power supply, in enhancing power system resilience by exploring the EV applications such as vehicle-to-home/building, grid-to-vehicle, and vehicle-to-vehicle or the utilization of second life of EV batteries . Transportation electrification has escalated the interdependency of power and transportation sectors, posing challenges during prolonged power outages. Therefore, in the next part, the resilient strategies for providing electricity supply and charging services for EVs are discussed such as deployments of battery swapping technology and mobile battery trucks (MBTs), as well as designing sustainable off-grid charging stations. It offers insights into innovative solutions for ensuring continuous electricity supply for EVs during outages. In the section on social vulnerability to power outages, this paper first reviews the most socioeconomic and demographic indicators involved in the quantification of social vulnerability to power outages . Afterward, the association between energy equity on social vulnerability to power outages is discussed such as inequity in backup power resources and power recovery and restoration . The study examines the existing challenges and research gaps related to the power system resilience, the electric power supply for/through EVs, social vulnerability, and inequity access to resources during extended power outages and proposes potential research directions to address these gaps and build upon future studies. 

Power System Resilience: The Role of Electric Vehicles and Social Disparities in Mitigating the US Power Outages

A Novel Electric Spring with Improved Range of Operation for Isolated Microgrid Systems

Resilience optimal control strategy of microgrid based on electric spring

This paper focuses on the application of low-speed direct drive servo. A surface mount PMSM control method based on deadbeat predictive control (DPC) and high-frequency injection (HFI) sensorless control is proposed. DPC is used to replace the PI controller in FOC to achieve better dynamic performance, and the d-axis cosine high-frequency injection position detection method is introduced to perform the sensorless control of surface mounted PMSM. A simulation is carried out to verify the performance of proposed method. The simulation results show that the proposed method has smaller speed tracking error and better speed stability than the traditional PI controller. It can also have strong regulation ability and robustness under sudden change of load and speed.

SPMSM Deadbeat Predictive Control with HF Injection Sensorless Rotor Position Estimate

The All-Electric-Aircraft and spacecraft is seeking for high torque density electrical machine to achieve high torque output with lower mass to get higher capability of loading and reduce the cost. The rare earth permanent magnet cannot stand the overheating temperature in outer space thus has the risk of demagnetization causing the space devices out of work. This paper proposes a new magnet topology structure in electrical machine. Compared with other traditional permanent magnet topology structures, it produces a higher magnetic flux density and torque value and decreases the mass of machine, which confirms the proposed magnet topology effectivity in enhance torque density (Nm/kg).

High Torque Density Electrical Machine with Less Rare Earth Permanent Magnet

Incremental Deadbeat Predictive Current Control Strategy with Disturbance Observer for PMSM Drive Systems Using Four-Leg Inverters

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Resilience optimal control strategy of microgrid based on electric spring

SPMSM Deadbeat Predictive Control with HF Injection Sensorless Rotor Position Estimate

High Torque Density Electrical Machine with Less Rare Earth Permanent Magnet

Incremental Deadbeat Predictive Current Control Strategy with Disturbance Observer for PMSM Drive Systems Using Four-Leg Inverters