Investigation on moisture damage resistance of asphalt pavement in salt and acid erosion environments based on Multi-scale analysis

Effect of Freeze–Thaw cycles on the pavement performance of SBS modified and composite crumb rubber modified asphalt mixtures

Moisture damage is a main factor degrading the bonding performance between asphalt binder and aggregate, playing adverse effects on the integrity of pavements, and thus reducing their serviceability substantially. The asphalt pavement is susceptible to moisture damage, exhibiting weakened durability and accelerated distress in many other formations with lower service life. In this study, moisture damage was reflected in the immersion method of Marshall test, and the deterioration potential of moisture damage on the fracture behaviors of asphalt mixture was investigated through multi-scale analysis. Pull-off tests were carried out to characterize the bonding performance between asphalt binder and aggregate considering the influence of moisture erosion, and the adhesion and cohesion results were adopted as the key mechanical parameters for the subsequent numerical analysis. Semi-circular bending (SCB) tests were conducted for the specimens with or without water immersion conditioning, and the fracture parameters, including the critical strain energy release rate (J-integral), Flexibility Index (FI), Crack Resistance Index (CRI), and Balanced Cracking Index (BCI), were obtained to provide insights into the fracture performance of the asphalt mixture. Furthermore, the mechanism of moisture affecting the fracture behavior of asphalt mixtures in meso-scale was explored through numerical analysis based on finite element modeling (FEM). A virtual SCB specimen integrated with two cohesive zone models (CZM) describing the failure of asphalt mortar and the loss of adhesion between asphalt binder and aggregate was established. The results from pull-off tests indicated that water immersion could enlarge the adhesive failure area and subsequently decrease the bonding strength between binder and aggregate. However, moisture damage had a limited effect on cohesive failure performance. Results from SCB tests showed that immersion could significantly increase the moisture damage potential and the crack development speed, weaken the fracture resistance, and reduce the flexibility of the asphalt mixture. The numerical analysis method proposed in the study was effective to interpret the effect of moisture damage on the fracture behaviors of the asphalt mixture. It was found that moisture damage led to more pronounced internal damage, and more failures at the interface of binder-aggregate were observed due to the deterioration effect of moisture erosion on the adhesion. According to the fracture development under dry and wet conditioning, the asphalt mixture would crack earlier after encountering moisture damage. The research method combining laboratory tests and numerical simulations demonstrated more comprehensively the impact of moisture damage on the fracture performance of asphalt mixture from a macro to meso perspective. 

Multi-scale analysis on fracture behaviors of asphalt mixture considering moisture damage

Styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymer modified bitumen (SBSMB) has been commonly used in pavement construction for its excellent performance. However, during construction and service life, SBSMB is inevitably subjected to thermal-oxidative or ultraviolet aging as a result of factors in the environment like heat, light and oxygen. This study investigated the effects of zinc oxide/expanded vermiculite composite (Z/E) on SBSMB, in particular the effects of Z/E with different zinc oxide (ZnO) particle loadings on SBSMB. And Z/E with different ZnO particle loadings were prepared and characterized by X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, field emission scanning electron microscope, UV–Visible spectrometer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer tests. To age bitumen samples, thin film oven test, pressure aging vessel and ultraviolet aging tests were used. Eventually, the effects of Z/E with various ZnO particle loadings on the storage stability, physical, rheological and anti-aging properties of SBSMB were investigated. According to the results, Z/E with different ZnO particle loadings are successfully prepared. There are uniform ZnO particles on the surface of expanded vermiculite and ZnO particle loadings are increased with the concentration of the ZnO precursor solution. Furthermore, the high-temperature performance of SBSMB is enhanced, but the low-temperature performance is slightly affected by Z/E. Whatever the aging mode, the introduction of Z/E can obviously reduce the viscosity aging index, softening point increment, complex modulus aging index and increase phase angle aging index of SBSMB, demonstrating that the aging resistance of SBSMB are significantly enhanced. It was determined that SBSMB with 29.5 wt%Z/E had the best aging resistance. 

A novel method to improve anti-aging properties of SBS modified bitumen by zinc oxide/expanded vermiculite composite: Influence of zinc oxide particle loadings

Buton Rock Asphalt (BRA) refers to the natural rock asphalt natively produced on the Buton island of Indonesia. It is often used as a modifier to enhance the performance of asphaltpavement. However, the segregation of BRA in BRA-Modified Asphalt (BRA-MA) has restricted its application. This study aims to investigate how the particle size and content of BRA affect the physical properties and storage stability of BRA-MA. Penetration, softening point, viscosity, and viscosity-temperature susceptibility (VTS) were analyzed. The evaluation method of storage stability was discussed and determined. The segregation of BRA in BRA-MA of static storage and transportation process were simulated and tested. The results suggest that the softening point and viscosity were positively correlated to BRA content and inversely determined by particle size. Penetration, VTS, and ductility were reduced due to the decline in particle size and increment of BRA content. The index of segregation value based on viscosity difference showed better statistical and quantitative significances than the softening-point difference in evaluating the storage stability. The particle size and content of BRA are positively correlated to the segregation of BRA-MA. Both the storage temperature and time were positively correlated to the segregation of BRA-MA. We prove that the relationship between specific surface area and segregation are power functional. BRA-MA with BRA whose 50% particle sizes are lower than 13.6 μm showed low segregation in transportation.

/pdf/physical-properties-and-storage-stability-of-buton-rock-3h5hgfst.pdf

Physical Properties and Storage Stability of Buton Rock Asphalt Modified Asphalt

To effectively evaluate the high-temperature characteristics of a fuel-resistant modified asphalt (FRMA), five different types of asphalt were selected, and a fuel-resistant modifier (FRM) was added to the asphalt to prepare five kinds of FRMA, and the fuel resistance of the 10 above-mentioned asphalt samples was then evaluated. Moreover, the high-temperature performance of different asphalt samples was explored, the influences of the FRM on the penetration, softening point, and rheological indexes of the different asphalt samples were analyzed. A Pearson correlation analysis was conducted on the different high-temperature indexes. Based on the results, compared with the original asphalt, the fuel resistance of the FRMA was improved by about 22% on average; the FRM was able to reduce the penetration, phase angle, and non-recoverable creep compliance of the asphalt; increase the softening point, complex modulus, rutting factors, and creep recovery; and effectively improve the high-temperature performance of the asphalt. However, as the temperature increased, the effect of the FRM on the improvement of the high-temperature performance of the asphalt declined. In addition, compared with the base asphalt, the FRM exerted a more significant effect on the rheological properties of the modified asphalt. According to the Pearson correlation analysis of the high-temperature indexes, apart from penetration, the softening point and rheological indexes featured excellent accuracy and applicability in the evaluation of the high-temperature performance of FRMAs.

Effects of a Fuel-Resistant Modifier on the High-Temperature Characteristics of Asphalt Binders

A test method to evaluate the fuel oil corrosion resistance of asphalt binders

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Effects of a Fuel-Resistant Modifier on the High-Temperature Characteristics of Asphalt Binders

A test method to evaluate the fuel oil corrosion resistance of asphalt binders