Lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis mechanism: A state-of-the-art review

Advantages and disadvantages of composition and properties of biomass in comparison with coal: An overview

The fundamental combustion and emissions properties of advanced biofuels are reviewed, and their impact on engine performance is discussed, in order to guide the selection of optimal conversion routes for obtaining desired fuel combustion properties. Advanced biofuels from second- and third-generation feedstocks can result in significantly reduced life-cycle greenhouse-gas emissions, compared to traditional fossil fuels or first-generation biofuels from food-based feedstocks. These advanced biofuels include alcohols, biodiesel, or synthetic hydrocarbons obtained either from hydrotreatment of oxygenated biofuels or from Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. The engine performance and exhaust pollutant emissions of advanced biofuels are linked to their fundamental combustion properties, which can be modeled using combustion chemical-kinetic mechanisms and surrogate fuel blends. In general, first-generation or advanced biofuels perform well in existing combustion engines, either as blend additives with petro-fuels or as pure “drop-in” replacements. Generally, oxygenated biofuels produce lower intrinsic nitric-oxide and soot emissions than hydrocarbon fuels in fundamental experiments, but engine-test results can be complicated by multiple factors. In order to reduce engine emissions and improve fuel efficiency, several novel technologies, including engines and fuel cells, are being developed. The future fuel requirements for a selection of such novel power-generation technologies, along with their potential performance improvements over existing technologies, are discussed. The trend in the biofuels and transportation industries appears to be moving towards drop-in fuels that require little changes in vehicle or fueling infrastructure, but this comes at a cost of reduced life-cycle efficiencies for the overall alternative-fuel production and utilization system. In the future, fuel-flexible, high-efficiency, and ultra-low-emissions heat-engine and fuel-cell technologies promise to enable consumers to switch to the lowest-cost and cleanest fuel available in their market at any given time. This would also enable society as a whole to maximize its global level of transportation activity, while maintaining urban air quality, within an energy- and carbon-constrained world.

A review of the combustion and emissions properties of advanced transportation biofuels and their impact on existing and future engines

Fossil fuels have been a major contributor to greenhouse gases, the amounts of which could be reduced if biofuels such as bioethanol and biodiesel were used for transportation. One of the most promising biofuels is ethyl alcohol. In 2015, the world production of ethanol was 25.6 billion gallons and the USA, Brazil, China, the European Union, and 28 other countries have set targets for blending ethanol with gasoline. The two major bio-source materials used for ethanol production are corn and sugarcane. For 1st generation biofuels, sugarcane and corn feedstocks are not able to fulfill the current demand for alcohol. Non-edible lignocellulosic biomass is an alternative bio-source for creating 2nd generation biofuels and algae biomass for 3rd and 4th generation biofuels. This review discusses the significance of biomass for the different generations of biofuels, and biochemical and thermochemical processes, and the significance of biorefinery products.

Significance and Challenges of Biomass as a Suitable Feedstock for Bioenergy and Biochemical Production: A Review

Current status and environment impact of direct straw return in China's cropland - A review.

Biomass and bioenergy potential estimation has been worldwide research highlights in renewable energy field to get comprehensive understand of bioenergy development, especially under the situation of energy crisis. This paper reviews the results of previous studies that investigated biomass resources and their bioenergy potential estimation. It is organized from the perspectives of traditional vs. newly-introduced approaches and present vs. future. First, according to the methods used in relative studies, existing studies were divided into two categories: statistical data based and RS-GIS based. Second, concerning about the future of bioenergy, biomass and bioenergy potential estimation under different scenarios in the future were also reviewed and summarized according to the dominant factor considered in simulation. At last, based on the reviews above, questions and the future of bioenergy potential estimation were proposed so as to provide some instructions for bioenergy development.

Biomass resources and their bioenergy potential estimation: A review

The invention discloses a method for estimating coverage based on NDVI and vegetation-soil moisture response of NDVI to TVDI response sensibility. The vegetation coverage comprises bare land coverage fcb, grassland coverage fcg and forest and shrub blended coverage fcf/s, wherein the fcf/s comprises the forest coverage fcforest and the shrub coverage fcshrub. The method comprises the following steps: determining the values of vegetation indexes NDVI and TVDI of a normalized difference value of each pixel in a research zone; determining the value of alpha of the value of NDVI of each pixel in the research zone to TVDI sensitivity; constructing a triangular scatter diagram of the research zone based on the values of alpha and the NDVI of each pixel in the research zone; determining the values of alpha and NDVI of the end member of each endpoint of a triangle based on the triangular scatter diagram; and carrying out linear resolution on each pixel in the research zone to obtain fcb, fcg and fcf/s of each pixel in the research zone by using a least square method, according to the values of alpha and NDVI of each determined end member at each endpoint of the triangle and under the constraint condition that fcb is not less than 0 and is not greater than 1, fcg is not less than 0 and is not greater than 1 and fcf/s is not less than 0 and is not greater than 1.

Method for estimating vegetation coverage based on vegetation-soil moisture response relation

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Biomass resources and their bioenergy potential estimation: A review

Method for estimating vegetation coverage based on vegetation-soil moisture response relation