Electrochemical water splitting is recognized as a practical strategy for impelling the transformation of sustainable energy sources such as solar energy from electricity to clean hydrogen fuel. To ...

Rational Design of Nanoarray Architectures for Electrocatalytic Water Splitting

The molybdenum dioxide (MoO2)–molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) heterostructures were built by in situ forming the (100) plane of Mo2C nanoparticles along the (101) plane of MoO2 nanoparticles and were simultaneously anchored on a 3D holey carbon substrate via optimized annealing of the bio-inspired ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate-agar gel. Both experimental results and theoretical simulations demonstrated the important roles of wide interfaces between MoO2 and Mo2C in improving the electrochemical performance of MoO2-based electrodes. These uniquely prepared MoO2/Mo2C/C electrodes delivered a capacity of 845.2 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 200 cycles, with a capacity change rate of 2.3%, overcoming the key obstacle for commercial application of transition metal oxides caused by capacity changes during the cycling process. Meanwhile, the electrodes displayed ultrastable long cycling performance with a capacity of 507.3 mA h g−1 at a high current density of 1.0 A g−1 after 2400 cycles, still far higher than the theoretical capacity of carbon materials. Both a local in-built driving force in the electrodes and synergistically induced more efficient mass transport across the interface were predicted by the Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Density of States (DOS) calculations from the formed interfacial electric field, yielding the fast reaction kinetics and outstanding lithium storage ability. This work highlights an efficient strategy to obtain ultrastable long cycling performance and also excellent electrochemical performance of MoO2-based materials and other transition metal oxides as anodes for lithium ion batteries. In addition, the full batteries based on MoO2/Mo2C/C anodes and a commercial LiCoO2 cathode present stable cycling performance.

One-pot synthesized molybdenum dioxide–molybdenum carbide heterostructures coupled with 3D holey carbon nanosheets for highly efficient and ultrastable cycling lithium-ion storage

Boosted lithium storage performance by local build-in electric field derived by oxygen vacancies in 3D holey N-doped carbon structure decorated with molybdenum dioxide

Carbon-based materials have been widely applied as anode materials in commercial lithium ion batteries due to their low cost, excellent stability and relatively good energy storage capability. However, the maximum theoretical specific capacity of graphite is unsatisfactory (372 mA h g−1), which cannot meet the high-energy-density requirements for advanced electric vehicles. Porous carbon spheres (PCSs) are one of the most promising electrode materials for high-performance batteries because of their tunable porous structure and high compatibility with other materials. Specifically, PCSs can provide effective paths and space to transfer electrons/ions in electrodes, resulting in high-performance rechargeable batteries. The use of carbon spheres can also overcome the issues of unwanted side reactions to increase coulombic efficiency (CE) and bring potential for tuning the surface characteristics to attain high capacity. The porous carbon spheres with controllable structures are able to enhance the electrochemical performances of electrodes due to their multifunctional effects in different types of rechargeable batteries. This review focuses on tunable pore structure design, surface chemistry, composition, and electrochemical performances of PCSs in various types of rechargeable batteries. This paper aims to provide an overview for understanding the development of porous carbon spheres and strategies to overcome obstacles, such as low specific capacity, unsatisfactory CE, low tap density and inferior rate performance for their use in rechargeable batteries. Prospects and challenges for porous carbon spheres in rechargeable batteries are discussed to provide insight and inspiration for promoting the development of next-generation high-performance batteries.

Tunable porous carbon spheres for high-performance rechargeable batteries

Tailoring active sites in earth-abundant non-noble metal electrocatalysts are required toward widespread applications in sustainable energy fields. Herein, an integrated mesoporous heterostructure ...

Tailoring Active Sites in Mesoporous Defect-Rich NC/V-o-WON Heterostructure Array for Superior Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

Fabrication and application of hierarchical mesoporous MoO 2 /Mo 2 C/C microspheres

A facile and shape-controlled crystallization process for preparing molybdenum oxide-based hybrid materials (MOBHMs) from peroxomolybdate solutions was proposed. The morphology of the MOBHMs could be effectively regulated by the assembly of polyethylene glycol (PEG), which acted as a mild reducing agent and a structure-directing agent. The effects of polymer concentration, reaction temperature, and time on the crystal phase and morphology of the MOBHMs were investigated in detail. It was found that the morphologies of amorphous products changed from sphere to a mixture of sphere and cube and then to cube with increased reaction temperature in the presence of 100 g L–1 of PEG. At 70 °C, monoclinic H2MoO5 with a ribbon shape was obtained in the absence of PEG. Moreover, increasing the polymer concentration resulted in a morphology transition from ribbon to sphere and then to cube. Correspondingly, phases transition occurred from triclinic MoO3·H2O to amorphous products. Additionally, the phase and morpholog...

Morphological and Structural Diversity of Molybdenum Oxide-Based Hybrid Materials Prepared through PEG Induction

Disclosed are a lithium ion battery negative electrode material and a preparation method therefor According to the preparation method, a molybdenum precursor solution and a template agent water solution are mixed and reacted to prepare a hybrid; and the hybrid is subjected to direct calcining or tabletting and then calcining to obtain a Mo O lithium ion battery negative electrode material The preparation method is simple and low in equipment requirement, and large-scale production can be realized easily; the molybdenum oxide prepared by the method has special appearance and high crystallinity; the initial discharge specific capacity can reach 710mAhg or above and can be 953mAg for the optimum; and after 50 cycles, the discharge specific capacity retention rate can be kept at995% or above for the optimum, so that the preparation method has high application prospect in the field of the lithium ion battery negative electrode material

Lithium ion battery negative electrode material and preparation method therefor

The invention provides a method for co-producing ammonium molybdate and sulfuric acid through treating molybdenite by an oxygen-pressure water soaking process. The method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing molybdenite powder and water according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of (1: 2) to (1: 7), so as to prepare molybdenite slurry; injecting the molybdenite slurry into a pressure reactor, so as to subject the molybdenite slurry to an oxygen-pressure water soaking reaction with oxidizing gas; filtering the obtained slurry, so as to obtain a filter cake and filter liquor; subjecting the filter cake to ammonia leaching, filtering and crystallizing, so as to prepare the ammonium molybdate product; and subjecting the filter liquor to molybdenum removing treatment, thereby obtaining the sulfuric acid product. According to the method provided by the invention, the total recovery rate of molybdenum reaches 95% or more and even reaches up to 98% or more, meanwhile, the sulfuric acid with relatively high concentration can be obtained, and environmental pollution is not caused; and the method is simple, efficient and energy-saving and is an environment-friendly hydrometallurgical clean production process for co-producing ammonium molybdate and sulfuric acid through efficiently utilizing the molybdenite, thereby having a good industrialized application prospect.

Method for co-producing ammonium molybdate and sulfuric acid through treating molybdenite by oxygen-pressure water soaking process

Hierarchical MoO2/C microspheres: Preparation and application as anode materials for lithium ion batteries

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