The Human Genome Project.

Background: Premarital screening is a worldwide activity that aims to diagnose and treat unrecognized disorders and reduce the transmission of diseases to couples and children, it is considered as the primary preventive approach for couples who planned for conception. Premarital counseling is offered to young couples on their way to marriage in order to guide, educate and prepare them for the establishment of a healthy family. Promotion and protection of adolescent females from reproductive health hazards are very essential because they are the future couples. Aim of the study: The aim of this study were to assess knowledge and attitude toward pre-marital screening and counseling among medical and non- medical female students at El Minia University and evaluating the effectiveness of educational program on improving the students' knowledge and attitude toward pre-marital screening and counseling. Subjects and Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used. It was conducted at two medical and two non-medical faculties at El Minia University. A convenient sample of 500 students enrolled in the above mentioned settings was recruited. Results It can be observed that, there was a statistical significant improvement regarding total knowledge and attitude. The total knowledge score increased from 32.3% to 54.0% among medical students and from 21.0% to 41.0% among non-medical students and the difference is statistically significant. In addition, the positive attitude increased from 54.7% to 66.0% among medical students and from 49.0% to 57.5% among non-medical students. The difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Although there was an improvement in the level of knowledge for all students in both groups after health education but they still had insufficient knowledge about premarital screening and counseling. While more than one half from each group expressed favorable and positive attitude toward premarital screening and counseling. Recommendations: On the light of these findings, it is recommended to conduct health education services about premarital screening among high schools and university students at El Minia governorate to increase the population awareness and influence their attitudes toward Premarital screening and counseling services.

/pdf/improving-knowledge-and-attitude-of-medical-and-non-medical-1fjflnetax.pdf

Improving Knowledge and Attitude of Medical and Non-Medical Students at El Minia University Regarding Premarital Screening and Counseling

The prevalence of genetic blood disorders is high, ranging from 10-25%, in Kuwait. This high prevalence is mainly due to a preventable cause, namely, consanguineous marriages. One of the most successful programs in Kuwait implemented to reduce such high prevalence is premarital screening program. The aim of the study was to determine the level of knowledge, attitude and satisfaction among university students regarding premarital screening program, and to find out the factors influencing knowledge, attitude, and satisfaction of the people toward premarital screening program. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 809 students of Kuwait University during July-October 2016. A self-administered questionnaire including 51 questions was handed out to the participants after taking informed consent. The main outcome variables of this study were: knowledge of hereditary diseases, premarital screening, attitude, and satisfaction toward premarital screening program. The mean ± SD of knowledge score about hereditary diseases was 5.80 ± 2.9 out of a total of 14, and the knowledge score for premarital screening was 3.99 ± 1.2 out of 6. In univariate analysis, knowledge scores about hereditary diseases were significantly associated with marital status (P = 0.043), education in medical faculties (P < 0.001), higher education of father (P = 0.027), higher education of mother (P = 0.001), and presence of hereditary disease in the family (P = 0.003). The level of attitude toward premarital screening program was significantly associated with female gender (P < 0.001), marital status (P = 0.023), higher years of study (P = 0.002), higher family income (P = 0.019). In multivariate analysis, education in medical faculties and presence of hereditary disease in the family were significant predictors of knowledge about hereditary disease. This study identified some demographic factors which determined the outcome of knowledge about premarital screening and hereditary disease. Also, the study demonstrated that more than 90% of the people were not satisfied about the premarital screening program, and more than 70% had to wait for a long time before receiving the test results. These areas of dissatisfaction should be improved for a successful program.

/pdf/knowledge-attitude-and-satisfaction-of-university-students-husrtc275w.pdf

Knowledge, Attitude, and Satisfaction of University Students Regarding Premarital Screening Programs in Kuwait

Haemoglobin genotype screening at prenatal care offers women an opportunity to be aware of their genotype, receive education on sickle cell disease (SCD) and may increase maternal demand for SCD newborn screening. In developed countries, most pregnant women who access prenatal care and deliver at the hospital receive haemoglobin genotype screening. In settings with low prenatal care attendance and low hospital deliveries, community-based screening may provide similar opportunity for pregnant women. We assessed the feasibility and acceptability of integrating haemoglobin genotype screening into an existing community-based HIV program. Onsite community-based integrated testing for HIV, hepatitis B virus and haemoglobin electrophoresis, were conducted for pregnant women and their male partners. Community Health Advisors implementing the NIH and PEPFAR-supported Healthy Beginning Initiative (HBI) program provided education on SCD, collected blood sample for haemoglobin electrophoresis and provided test results to participants enrolled into the HBI program. We concurrently conducted a cross-sectional study using a pretested, semi-structured, interviewer administered questionnaire to collect demographic data and assess awareness of individual haemoglobin “genotype” among HBI pregnant women participants. In this study, 99.9% (10,167/10,168) of pregnant women who received education on SCD accepted and completed the survey, had blood drawn for haemoglobin electrophoresis and received their results. A majority of participating pregnant women (97.0%) were not aware of their haemoglobin “genotype”. Among the participants who were incorrect about their haemoglobin “genotype”, 41.1% (23/56) of women who reported their haemoglobin “genotype” as AA were actually AS. The odds of haemoglobin “genotype” awareness was higher among participants who were in younger age group, completed tertiary education, had less number of pregnancies, and attended antenatal care. Overall prevalence of sickle cell trait (AS) was 18.7%. It is feasible to integrate haemoglobin “genotype” testing into an existing community-based maternal-child program. Most pregnant women who were unaware of their haemoglobin “genotype” accepted and had haemoglobin genotype testing, and received their test results. Increasing parental awareness of their own haemoglobin “genotype” could increase their likelihood of accepting newborn screening for SCD.

/pdf/community-based-screening-for-sickle-haemoglobin-among-calvcd9we2.pdf

Community based screening for sickle haemoglobin among pregnant women in Benue State, Nigeria: I-Care-to-Know, a Healthy Beginning Initiative.

Objectives: Policy plays an important role in shaping preconception health and care. The purpose of this study was to explore how preconception care was defined in Chinese government policies. The specific aims of the study were to: (a) define and critically analyze the language of preconception care in the context of Chinese government policies and (b) explore rural women’s and healthcare providers’ views on preconception care-related government policies. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of Chinese preconception health and care-related policy at the national and provincial levels. The study included an analysis of publicly available preconception care policies issued before August 2009. In addition, individual interviews with rural women and healthcare providers were conducted from April 2009 to August 2009 in Tonglu County, Zhejiang Province, China. Results: Three major discourses in relation to defining preconception care were identified from the policy documents: (a) preconception care in relation to women’s physiology, (b) preconception in relation to marriage registration, and (c) preconception care in relation to being married. Although participants recognized the governmental policy effort in relation to preconception health promotion, they still see policy as a formality. Conclusion: This was the first study to examine language use in Chinese preconception care policies. The study found that the concept of preconception care was constructed mainly around marriage and that the public views these policies as a formality. Strategic plans are needed to increase societal awareness of the importance of preconception health policies in China.

/pdf/reproductive-health-policy-in-china-a-study-of-preconception-405c38s9bw.pdf

Reproductive Health Policy in China: A Study of Preconception Care in Rural China

To investigate the attitudes of premarital couples towards the premarital screening program after the abolition of compulsory screening in China and to study the factors influencing participation. Between July 1st 2010 to August 31st 2010, 650 people who registered for marriage at the civil affairs bureau of Wuhan, Suizhou, Zaoyang in Hubei province were studied using questionnaires. Logistic regression was used to examine the factors influencing participation in the premarital screening program. The premarital screening rate was 34.8% (95% Confidence Interval: 31.0% to 38.5%). Several demographic factors (age, residence, profession), awareness, knowledge, and attitudes towards premarital screening all had significant influence on participation in the premarital screening program. Promotion activities and health education to improve knowledge and attitudes to premarital screening will help increase the rate of voluntary premarital screening.

/pdf/factors-influencing-the-decision-to-participate-in-medical-w7t8ae0qro.pdf

Factors influencing the decision to participate in medical premarital examinations in Hubei Province, Mid-China.

Background. When the mandatory premarital examination requirement in China was cancelled in 2003, the rate of participation dropped sharply. This study examined the levels of exam satisfaction and the factors influencing satisfaction in the Hubei Province. Methods. Graduate students administered 650 questionnaires, and 633 questionnaires were returned. Regression analysis was used to analyze satisfaction. Results. The study found high levels of satisfaction, even though the exam participation rate was only 34.8%. A regression model for satisfaction showed that the most important objective factors were female sex (P < .05), specific city (P < .05), and level of education (P < .01); 2 important subjective variables were the level of understanding of the premarital examination (P < .01) and satisfaction with medical services of the premarital examination (P < .01). Conclusions. Satisfaction with the premarital examination might be increased by efforts to increase the level of understanding of the premarital ...

Levels of satisfaction and factors influencing satisfaction for medical premarital examinations in Hubei, Middle China.

http://www.cell.com/article/S2372770522000675/pdf

Retraction Notice to: Comprehensive analysis of FKBP4/NR3C1/TMEM173 signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer cell and dendritic cell among tumor microenvironment

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Factors influencing the decision to participate in medical premarital examinations in Hubei Province, Mid-China.

Levels of satisfaction and factors influencing satisfaction for medical premarital examinations in Hubei, Middle China.

Retraction Notice to: Comprehensive analysis of FKBP4/NR3C1/TMEM173 signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer cell and dendritic cell among tumor microenvironment