Abstract Bone defects combined with tumors, infections, or other bone diseases are challenging in clinical practice. Autologous and allogeneic grafts are two main traditional remedies, but they can cause a series of complications. To address this problem, researchers have constructed various implantable biomaterials. However, the original pathological microenvironment of bone defects, such as residual tumors, severe infection, or other bone diseases, could further affect bone regeneration. Thus, the rational design of versatile biomaterials with integrated bone therapy and regeneration functions is in great demand. Many strategies have been applied to fabricate smart stimuli-responsive materials for bone therapy and regeneration, with stimuli related to external physical triggers or endogenous disease microenvironments or involving multiple integrated strategies. Typical external physical triggers include light irradiation, electric and magnetic fields, ultrasound, and mechanical stimuli. These stimuli can transform the internal atomic packing arrangements of materials and affect cell fate, thus enhancing bone tissue therapy and regeneration. In addition to the external stimuli-responsive strategy, some specific pathological microenvironments, such as excess reactive oxygen species and mild acidity in tumors, specific pH reduction and enzymes secreted by bacteria in severe infection, and electronegative potential in bone defect sites, could be used as biochemical triggers to activate bone disease therapy and bone regeneration. Herein, we summarize and discuss the rational construction of versatile biomaterials with bone therapeutic and regenerative functions. The specific mechanisms, clinical applications, and existing limitations of the newly designed biomaterials are also clarified. 

/pdf/recent-advances-in-smart-stimuli-responsive-biomaterials-for-mgn8jya1.pdf

Recent advances in smart stimuli-responsive biomaterials for bone therapeutics and regeneration

Wound dressing with the capacities of antioxidation, antiinflammation, and efficient angiogenesis induction is expected for effectively promoting wound healing. Herein, a novel core‐shell hyaluronic acid (HA) microneedle (MN) patch with ferrum‐mesenchymal stem cell‐derived artificial nanovesicles (Fe‐MSC‐NVs) and polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs) encapsulated in the needle tips is presented for wound healing. Fe‐MSC‐NVs containing multifunctional therapeutic cytokines are encapsulated in the inner HA core of the MN tips for accelerating angiogenesis. The PDA NPs are encapsulated in the outer methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) shell of the MN tips to overcome the adverse impacts from reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐derived oxidative stress. With the gradual degradation of HAMA patch tips in the skin, the PDA NPs are sustainably released at the lesion to suppress the ROS‐induced inflammation reaction, while the Fe‐MSC‐NVs significantly increase the migration, proliferation, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). More attractively, the combination of PDA NPs and Fe‐MSC‐NVs further promotes M2 macrophage polarization, thereby suppressing wound inflammation. Through in vivo experiment, the Fe‐MSC‐NVs/PDA MN patch shows an excellent effect for diabetic wound healing. These features of antioxidation, antiinflammation, and pro‐angiogenesis indicate the proposed composite core‐shell MN patch is valuable for clinical wound healing applications.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/advs.202103317

Polydopamine Decorated Microneedles with Fe‐MSC‐Derived Nanovesicles Encapsulation for Wound Healing

Smart polydopamine-based nanoplatforms for biomedical applications: state-of-art and further perspectives

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease characterized by loss of articular cartilage and chronic inflammation, involving multiple cellular dysfunctions and tissue lesions. The non-vascular environment and dense cartilage matrix in the joints tend to block drug penetration, resulting in low drug bioavailability. There is a desire to develop safer and more effective OA therapies to meet the challenges of an aging world population in the future. Biomaterials have achieved satisfactory results in improving drug targeting, prolonging the duration of action, and achieving precision therapy. This article reviews the current basic understanding of the pathological mechanisms and clinical treatment dilemmas of OA, summarizes and discusses the advances for different kinds of targeted and responsive biomaterials in OA, seeking to provide new perspectives for the treatment of OA. Subsequently, limitations and challenges in clinical translation and biosafety are analyzed to guide the development of future therapeutic strategies for OA. As the need for precision medicine rises over time, emerging multifunctional biomaterials based on tissue targeting and controlled release will become an irreplaceable part of OA management.

/pdf/targeted-and-responsive-biomaterials-in-osteoarthritis-1usi11qe.pdf

Targeted and responsive biomaterials in osteoarthritis

Free radicals are generated as byproducts of normal metabolic processes as well as due to exposure to several environmental pollutants. They are highly reactive species, causing cellular damage and are associated with a plethora of oxidative stress-related diseases and disorders. Antioxidants can control autoxidation by interfering with free radical propagation or inhibiting free radical formation, reducing oxidative stress, improving immune function, and increasing health longevity. Antioxidant functionalized metal nanoparticles, transition metal oxides, and nanocomposites have been identified as potent nanoantioxidants. They can be formulated in monometallic, bimetallic, and multi-metallic combinations via chemical and green synthesis techniques. The intrinsic antioxidant properties of nanomaterials are dependent on their tunable configuration, physico-chemical properties, crystallinity, surface charge, particle size, surface-to-volume ratio, and surface coating. Nanoantioxidants have several advantages over conventional antioxidants, involving increased bioavailability, controlled release, and targeted delivery to the site of action. This review emphasizes the most pioneering types of nanoantioxidants such as nanoceria, silica nanoparticles, polydopamine nanoparticles, and nanocomposite-, polysaccharide-, and protein-based nanoantioxidants. This review overviews the antioxidant potential of biologically synthesized nanomaterials, which have emerged as significant alternatives due to their biocompatibility and high stability. The promising nanoencapsulation nanosystems such as solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, and liposome nanoparticles are highlighted. The advantages, limitations, and future insights of nanoantioxidant applications are discussed.

Nanoantioxidants: Pioneer Types, Advantages, Limitations, and Future Insights.

Polydopamine nanoparticles as dual-task platform for osteoarthritis therapy: A scavenger for reactive oxygen species and regulator for cellular powerhouses

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.03.001

Reducing relapse and accelerating osteogenesis in rapid maxillary expansion using an injectable mesoporous bioactive glass/fibrin glue composite hydrogel

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Polydopamine nanoparticles as dual-task platform for osteoarthritis therapy: A scavenger for reactive oxygen species and regulator for cellular powerhouses

Reducing relapse and accelerating osteogenesis in rapid maxillary expansion using an injectable mesoporous bioactive glass/fibrin glue composite hydrogel