A turbidity compensation method for COD measurements by UV–vis spectroscopy

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is not only a well-established toxic gas but also an important small molecule bioregulator in all kingdoms of life. In contemporary biology, H2S is often classified as a "gasotransmitter," meaning that it is an endogenously produced membrane permeable gas that carries out essential cellular processes. Fluorescent probes for H2S and related reactive sulfur species (RSS) detection provide an important cornerstone for investigating the multifaceted roles of these important small molecules in complex biological systems. A now common approach to develop such tools is to develop "activity-based probes" that couple a specific H2S-mediated chemical reaction to a fluorescent output. This Review covers the different types of such probes and also highlights the chemical mechanisms by which each probe type is activated by specific RSS. Common examples include reduction of oxidized nitrogen motifs, disulfide exchange, electrophilic reactions, metal precipitation, and metal coordination. In addition, we also outline complementary activity-based probes for imaging reductant-labile and sulfane sulfur species, including persulfides and polysulfides. For probes highlighted in this Review, we focus on small molecule systems with demonstrated compatibility in cellular systems or related applications. Building from breadth of reported activity-based strategies and application, we also highlight key unmet challenges and future opportunities for advancing activity-based probes for H2S and related RSS.

Activity-Based Fluorescent Probes for Hydrogen Sulfide and Related Reactive Sulfur Species.

Origin traceability is important for controlling the effect of Chinese medicinal materials and Chinese patent medicines. Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis is widely distributed and well-known all over the world. In our study, two spectroscopic techniques (Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) and near-infrared (NIR)) were applied for the geographical origin traceability of 196 wild P. yunnanensis samples combined with low-, mid-, and high-level data fusion strategies. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and random forest (RF) were used to establish classification models. Feature variables extraction (principal component analysis-PCA) and important variables selection models (recursive feature elimination and Boruta) were applied for geographical origin traceability, while the classification ability of models with the former model is better than with the latter. FT-MIR spectra are considered to contribute more than NIR spectra. Besides, the result of high-level data fusion based on principal components (PCs) feature variables extraction is satisfactory with an accuracy of 100%. Hence, data fusion of FT-MIR and NIR signals can effectively identify the geographical origin of wild P. yunnanensis.

Data Fusion of Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared (MIR) and Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopies to Identify Geographical Origin of Wild Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis .

Chemometrics-assisted solid-state characterization of pharmaceutically relevant materials. Polymorphic substances

Near infra red spectroscopy: a tool for solid state characterization.

A near-infrared fluorescent probe based on phenothiazine for rapid detecting of CN and ClO

UV-visible-shortwave near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis-SWNIR DRS) combined with chemometrics is investigated for the first time to discriminate enantiomers and their racemic compounds, using D-, L- and DL-alanine as model compounds. After optimizing the measuring conditions of powder particle sizes and the distance between fiber probe and sample, discriminant partial least squares (PLS-DA) models were built with UV-vis-SWNIR DRS to implement the qualitative analysis of alanine chirality. As a result, under the optimized conditions of particle size sifted through 100-mesh and a distance of 5.3 mm, an excellent discrimination of chirality with an accuracy of 100% was obtained, which is better than that of manufacturers with an accuracy of 86.67%. The results of this study infer that UV-vis-SWNIR DRS combined with chemometrics can be a rapid, simple and noninvasive method for chiral analysis.

Qualitative analysis of chiral alanine by UV-visible-shortwave near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy combined with chemometrics

A fluorescent probe based on phenothiazine for detection of ClO- with naked-eye color change properties.

This paper studies the simultaneous determination of amiloride hydrochloride (AMH) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) in amiloride hydrochloride tablets by ultraviolet-visible-shortwave near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis-swNIR DRS) and chemometrics. Quantitative models for the two components were established by partial least squares (PLS) and support vector regression (SVR), respectively. For the PLS models of AMH and HCTZ, the determination coefficient R2 of the calibration set was 0.9503 and 0.9538, and the coefficient R2 of the prediction set was 0.8983 and 0.9260, respectively. The root mean square error of the calibration set (RMSEC) was 0.8 mg and 8.1 mg, while the root mean square error of the prediction set (RMSEP) was 1.0 mg and 8.7 mg, respectively. For the SVR models of AMH and HCTZ, the R2 of the calibration set was 0.9668 and 0.9609; the R2 of the prediction set was 0.9145 and 0.9446, respectively. The RMSEC was 0.7 and 7.5 mg, and the RMSEP was 0.9 and 8.9 mg, respectively. The results show that SVR modeling has a satisfactory prediction effect. The proposed method based on UV-vis-swNIR and chemometrics is efficient, nondestructive, and expected to be used for online quality monitoring in the production of drugs.

Simultaneous Determination of Amiloride and Hydrochlorothiazide in a Compound Tablet by Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

A dual functional fluorescent probe based on naphthalimide for detecting Cu2+ and pH and its applications

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