Electroluminescent devices based on organic materials are of considerable interest owing to their attractive characteristics and potential applications to flat panel displays. After a brief overview of the device construction and operating principles, a review is presented on recent progress in organic electroluminescent materials and devices. Small molecular materials are described with emphasis on their material issues pertaining to charge transport, color, and luminance efficiencies. The chemical nature of electrode/organic interfaces and its impact on device performance are then discussed. Particular attention is paid to recent advances in interface engineering that is of paramount importance to modify the chemical and electronic structure of the interface. The topics in this report also include recent development on the enhancement of electron transport capability in organic materials by doping and the increase in luminance efficiency by utilizing electrophosphorescent materials. Of particular interest for the subject of this review are device reliability and its relationship with material characteristics and interface structures. Important issues relating to display fabrication and the status of display development are briefly addressed as well.

https://ir.nctu.edu.tw:443/bitstream/11536/28337/1/000179449700001.pdf

Recent progress of molecular organic electroluminescent materials and devices

Degradation Mechanisms and Reactions in Organic Light-Emitting Devices.

White light was generated from a single silica thin film made with Yb0.75La0.2Eu0.05F3, La0.45Yb0.5Er0.05F3, and La0.75Yb0.2Tm0.05F3 nanoparticles by exciting with a single source near-infrared light (980 nm CW diode laser). Eu3+ and Tm3+ ions are responsible for red and blue emission, respectively. Er3+ ion is responsible for green as well as red emission. The Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of the resulting light were easily adjusted by controlling the concentration of Ln3+ (Eu3+, Er3+, Tm3+) ions in the nanoparticles as well as the concentration of Ln3+-doped nanoparticles in the sol−gel thin layer.

Bright white light through up-conversion of a single NIR source from sol-gel-derived thin film made with Ln3+-doped LaF3 nanoparticles.

We examine various electronic processes that underlie the quenching of the emission from highly efficient phosphorescent and electrophosphorescent organic solid-state molecular systems. As an example, we study the luminescent efficiencies from the phosphorescent iridium (III) complex, fac tris (2-phenylpyridine) iridium $[\mathrm{Ir}{(\mathrm{ppy})}_{3}]$ doped into a diamine derivative doped polycarbonate hole-transporting matrix and in the form of vacuum-evaporated films, as a function of electric field. We demonstrate that the observed decrease in electrophosphorescence efficiencies at high electric fields, and electric-field-induced quenching of phosphorescence from neat $[\mathrm{Ir}{(\mathrm{ppy})}_{3}]$ solid films is due to the field-assisted dissociation of Coulombically correlated electron-hole (e-h) pairs. They are formed in a bimolecular recombination process prior to the formation of emissive triplet excitons, or are charge-transfer (CT) states originating from the localized electronic excited states as a result of the initial charge separation upon photoexcitation, respectively. It is found that the high-field dependence of the quenching efficiency in both cases follows the three-dimensional Onsager theory of geminate recombination, the fit yielding the initial intercarrier distance ${(r}_{0})$ of the carrier pairs. We find ${r}_{e\ensuremath{-}h}g~3.5\mathrm{nm}$ for the triplet exciton precursor pairs in the bimolecular recombination, and ${r}_{\mathrm{CT}}=1.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1\mathrm{nm}$ for the initial carrier separation from the photo-excited electronic states. Triplet-triplet and triplet-charge carrier annihilation processes are shown to play major roles in the decrease of the electrophosphorescence efficiency within the lower-field regime at lower current densities. Summarizing the results allows us to point out some emitter features important for identifying phosphors useful for practical electroluminescent devices.

Quenching effects in organic electrophosphorescence

The synthesis and characterization of complex dendritic, rigid rod poly-2,7-fluorene homopolymers and copolymers via a macromonomer approach is reported. Several 2,7-dibromofluorene monomers contai...

Self-Encapsulation of Poly-2,7-fluorenes in a Dendrimer Matrix

/pdf/real-time-observation-of-temperature-rise-and-thermal-33ud0279g6.pdf

Real-Time Observation of Temperature Rise and Thermal Breakdown Processes in Organic LEDs Using an IR Imaging and Analysis System

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Real-Time Observation of Temperature Rise and Thermal Breakdown Processes in Organic LEDs Using an IR Imaging and Analysis System