We examined cardiovascular (CV) reactivity and hostility among 30 male undergraduates after either nonviolent (billiards) or 1 of 2 levels of violent videogame play. Violence varied among 2 versions of the game Mortal Kombat (MKl = less violent, MK2 = more violent)-all other factors (graphics, sound) were held equal. As expected, increased game violence elicited greater CV reactivity and higher scores on hostility measures. Subjects who played MK1 or MK2 had higher heart rate reactivity than those who played billiards. Subjects who played MK2 showed greater systolic blood pressure reactivity than those who played MKl or billiards. Finally, subjects who played MK2 scored higher on the hostility measures than those who played MKl, who in turn scored higher than those who played billiards. These results indicate that the level of videogame violence, not just violence per se, should be of concern to consumers.

Mortal Kombat (tm) : The effects of violent videogame play on males' hostility and cardiovascular responding

While violent video games are of great concern to the public for their potential impact of inducing aggression, recent changes in the dynamics of gaming has rendered study of such phenomena quite challenging. The impact of interpersonal factors on players' aggression has not yet to be fully understood. The present experiment was designed to test explicit and implicit aggression caused by multiplayer interactive violent games. 56 male participants were randomly assigned to three groups four-player group, double-player group and solo-play group. Extrinsic Affective Simon Task EAST and words evaluation task WET were used to test implicit and explicit aggressive cognition respectively. Competitive Reaction Time Task CRT was for measuring explicit aggressive behavior. Results showed: 1 Participants with low-trait aggression were more aggressive in implicit aggressive cognition when playing in four-player group than in other two groups. 2 Explicit aggressive cognition was affected by both interactive modes and trait aggression without interaction. The solo-play group was more explicitly aggressive than the four-player group. High-trait aggression group was more aggressive than low-trait group. 3 Participants' aggressive behavior decreased as the number of players increased. Factors that affect violent video games' impact on players' aggression were discussed.

Effect of Multiplayer Interactive Violent Video Games on Players' Explicit and Implicit Aggression

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Effect of Multiplayer Interactive Violent Video Games on Players' Explicit and Implicit Aggression