Recent advances in design of new urease inhibitors: A review.

Background and the purpose of the study: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection leads to different clinical and pathological outcomes in humans, including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric neoplasia and even gastric cancer and its eradiation depends upon multi-drug therapy. The most effective therapy is still unknown and prompts people to make great efforts to find better and more modern natural or synthetic anti-H. pylori agents.
Methods: In this report 21 randomly selected herbal methanolic extracts were evaluated for their effect on inhibition of Jack-bean urease using the indophenol method as described by Weatherburn. The inhibition potency was measured by UV spectroscopy technique at 630 nm which attributes to released ammonium.
Results: Among these extracts, five showed potent inhibitory activities with IC50 ranges of 18-35 µg/mL. These plants are Matricaria disciforme (IC50=35 µg/mL), Nasturtium officinal (IC50=18 µg/mL), Punica granatum (IC50=30 µg/mL), Camelia sinensis (IC50=35 µg/mL), Citrus aurantifolia (IC50=28 µg/mL).
Conclusion: Medicinal plants, traditional medicinal and other natural sources are still good source for lead discovery. The results of this study revealed that random screening of medicinal plants could lead to introducing new candidate for further studies which, in the end, can help and enhance human health.

A Preliminary Investigation of the Jack-Bean Urease Inhibition by Randomly Selected Traditionally Used Herbal Medicine

The Cu/ligand stoichiometry effect on the coordination behavior of aroyl hydrazone with copper(II): Structure, anticancer activity and anticancer mechanism

Urease plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of several diseases and also has practical implications in other fields, such as agriculture or chemical analysis. Among the multitude of chemical species known to inhibit urease, metal complexes stand out as a special category due to their specific mechanism of action, distinct from purely organic substances. Their inhibitory activity seems to depend on the type of metal and its oxidation state as well as on the coordination environment of the central atom. Furthermore, the study of the interaction between metal ions and their complexes with urease renders valuable insights into detailed catalytic mechanisms of this enzyme. This brief survey attempts to provide an overview of the published research on urease inhibition by metal complexes.

REVIEW: metal complexes as urease inhibitors

Synthesis, crystal structures, molecular docking and urease inhibition studies of Ni(II) and Cu(II) Schiff base complexes

Two new silver(I) trans-cinnamates, namely [Ag(2-cca)(H2O)]2 (1) and [Ag(4-cca)]n (2) (2-ccaH = 2-chlorocinnamic acid and 4-ccaH = 4-chlorocinnamic acid), were synthesized and structurally characterized. Single crystal X-ray studies reveal that each silver(I) atom in 1 is two-coordinate by a 2-chlorocinnamate ligand and one water molecule to afford a discrete centrosymmetric dimer with the ligand-unsupported Ag···Ag interactions (3.218(4) A), while a pair of symmetry-related silver(I) atoms in 2 are clamped by two μ2-η1:η1 4-chlorocinnamate ligands to yield a binuclear silver(I) moiety incorporating a ligand-supported Ag···Ag interaction (2.819(5) A). Both complexes 1 and 2 show potent urease inhibitory activities with the respective IC50 values of 0.66 and 1.10 μM.

Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Two Silver(I) trans-Cinnamate Complexes as Urease Inhibitors†

Synthesis, structure and urease inhibition studies of dimeric copper(II) complexes with a tridentate Schiff base ligand derived from tetrahydrofurfurylamine

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Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Two Silver(I) trans-Cinnamate Complexes as Urease Inhibitors†

Synthesis, structure and urease inhibition studies of dimeric copper(II) complexes with a tridentate Schiff base ligand derived from tetrahydrofurfurylamine