A mixture of bulk hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) with hydrazine, 30% H(2)O(2), HNO(3)/H(2)SO(4), or oleum was heated in an autoclave at 100 °C to produce functionalized h-BN. The product formed stable colloid solutions in water (0.26-0.32 g L(-1)) and N,N-dimethylformamide (0.34-0.52 g L(-1)) upon mild ultrasonication. The yield of "soluble" h-BN reached about 70 wt%. The dispersions contained few-layered h-BN nanosheets with lateral dimensions in the order of several hundred nanometers. The functionalized dispersible h-BN was characterized by IR spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It is shown that h-BN preserves its hexagonal structure throughout the functionalization procedure. Its exfoliation into thin platelets upon contact with solvents is probably owing to the attachment of hydrophilic functionalities.

Functionalization and dispersion of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanosheets treated with inorganic reagents

Transparent flexible conductor of poly(methyl methacrylate) containing highly-dispersed multiwalled carbon nanotube

Self-assembly processes provide an effective and environmentally benign method for synthesising novel ceramic and composite materials. The development of self-assembly methodology, which is the archetypal bioinspired synthesis route, has greatly expanded the methods of producing nanostructures. In the design of complex materials such as electrical devices, we currently rely on our ability to create designed patterns lithographically. New ways of bonding, assembly, and linking macromolecules and nano-objects have been developed that are based on interactions that are both more complex and individually weaker (e.g., steric, electrostatic, hydrophobic, and hydrogen bonding) than the classical electronic bond. These interactions are the basis for coding information into nanostructures. In the last decade, nanoscale objects such as nanoparticles or nanocrystals have been assembled into periodic arrays, or supercrystals. The quest in this area is not necessarily to obtain self-assembled materials than can behave as classical solid state materials, but to produce materials that may exhibit completely new physical properties or types of functionality. Several proposals have been put forward for how to pattern nanocrystals and nanotubes. In this paper self-assembled inorganic materials have been reviewed on the basis of their dimensionality (0, 1 and 2/3) and recent developments and trends in the field are discussed.

Inorganic self-assembly

A theoretical investigation of the dynamic response of interacting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) dispersed in a liquid medium under alternating current electric fields is presented. The proposed modeling strategy is based on the dielectrophoretic theory and classical electrodynamics of rigid bodies, and considers the coupled rotation-translation motion of interacting CNTs represented as electrical dipoles. Based on experimental evidence, the parameters which are expected to cause a major contribution to the CNTs' motion are investigated for different initial configurations of CNTs. It is predicted that high electric field frequencies, long CNTs, high values of electrical permittivity and conductivity of the CNTs immersed in solvents of high polarity promote faster equilibrium conditions, achieved by CNT tip-to-tip contact and alignment along the electric field direction. For the majority of the scenarios, CNT alignment along the field direction is predicted as the first event, followed by the translation of aligned CNTs until the tip-to-tip contact condition is reached. For systems with interacting CNTs with different lengths, equilibrium of the shorter CNT is achieved faster. Predictions also show that the initial rotation angles and initial location of CNTs have a paramount influence on the evolution of the system towards the equilibrium configuration.

Dynamic evolution of interacting carbon nanotubes suspended in a fluid using a dielectrophoretic framework

Using femtosecond time-resolved optical Kerr technique, the ultrafast third-order nonlinear optical response of two soluble multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), MWNToda and MWNTols, was measured at wavelengths of 640 nm and 830 nm, respectively. The experimental results reveal that, the value of the average hyperpolarizability per each carbon atom γav can reach to 2.0 × 10−32 esu. Moreover, obvious aggregation effect on γav was demonstrated.

Ultrafast third-order nonlinear optical response of two soluble multi-wall carbon nanotubes

Self-assembly of modified carbon nanotubes in toluene

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Self-assembly of modified carbon nanotubes in toluene