Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of Tuberculosis (TB), remains a pathogen of great interest on a global scale. This airborne pathogen affects the lungs, where it interacts with macrophages. Acidic pH, oxidative and nitrosative stressors, and food restrictions make the macrophage’s internal milieu unfriendly to foreign bodies. Mtb subverts the host immune system and causes infection due to its genetic arsenal and secreted effector proteins. In vivo and in vitro research have examined Mtb-host macrophage interaction. This interaction is a crucial stage in Mtb infection because lung macrophages are the first immune cells Mtb encounters in the host. This review summarizes Mtb effectors that interact with macrophages. It also examines how macrophages control and eliminate Mtb and how Mtb manipulates macrophage defense mechanisms for its own survival. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for TB prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis-macrophage interaction: Molecular updates

Integrated proteomic and Phosphoproteomic analysis for characterization of colorectal cancer.

A bioinformatics approach for identification of the core ontologies and signature genes of pulmonary disease and associated disease

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the gravest global health challenges. Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M. tuberculosis ), the causative agent, employs sophisticated immune evasion and pathogenesis strategies. Its capability to thrive within immune cells and incite robust inflammatory responses prolongs infection and dissemination. Mycobacterial advanced adaptations facilitate navigation through the human immune system and present a variable antigenic profile throughout different infection stages. Investigating these strategies unfolds targeted approaches to effective vaccine development against TB. This review delves into the most advanced and exhaustive insights into the immune evasion tactics and pathogenic processes of M. tuberculosis across various infection stages. The knowledge distilled from this analysis holds the promise of guiding the creation of innovative TB vaccines and translating theoretical groundwork into practical immunological defenses. 

From pathogenesis to antigens: the key to shaping the future of TB vaccines

Genomic studies in animal breeding have provided a wide range of references; however, it is important to note that genes and mRNA alone do not fully capture the complexity of living organisms. Protein post-translational modification, which involves covalent modifications regulated by genetic and environmental factors, serves as a fundamental epigenetic mechanism that modulates protein structure, activity, and function. In this review, we comprehensively summarize various phosphorylation and acylation modifications on metabolic enzymes relevant to energy metabolism in animals, including acetylation, succinylation, crotonylation, β-hydroxybutylation, acetoacetylation, and lactylation. It is worth noting that research on animal energy metabolism and modification regulation lags behind the demands for growth and development in animal breeding compared to human studies. Therefore, this review provides a novel research perspective by exploring unreported types of modifications in livestock based on relevant findings from human or animal models.

Protein Post-Translational Modifications Based on Proteomics: A Potential Regulatory Role in Animal Science.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv1515c antigen enhances survival of M. smegmatis within macrophages by disrupting the host defence.

Global quantitative phosphoproteome reveals phosphorylation network of bovine lung tissue altered by Mycobacterium bovis.

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv1515c antigen enhances survival of M. smegmatis within macrophages by disrupting the host defence.

Global quantitative phosphoproteome reveals phosphorylation network of bovine lung tissue altered by Mycobacterium bovis.