This is a continuation of the papers “Towards a classification of Sordariomycetes” (2015) and “Families of Sordariomycetes” (2016) in which we compile a treatment of the class Sordariomycetes. The present treatment is needed as our knowledge has rapidly increased, from 32 orders, 105 families and 1331 genera in 2016, to 45 orders, 167 families and 1499 genera (with 308 genera incertae sedis) at the time of publication. In this treatment we provide notes on each order, families and short notes on each genus. We provide up-to-date DNA based phylogenies for 45 orders and 163 families. Three new genera and 16 new species are introduced with illustrations and descriptions, while 23 new records and three new species combinations are provided. We also list 308 taxa in Sordariomycetes genera incertae sedis. For each family we provide general descriptions and illustrate the type genus or another genus, the latter where the placement has generally been confirmed with molecular data. Both the sexual and asexual morphs representative of a family are illustrated where available. Notes on ecological and economic considerations are also given.

/pdf/refined-families-of-sordariomycetes-51nqnnqqt9.pdf

Refined families of Sordariomycetes

Sarocladium brachiariae is a newly identified endophytic fungus isolated from Brachiaria brizantha. A previous study indicated that S. brachiariae had antifungal activity; however, limited genomic information restrains further study. Therefore, we sequenced the genome of S. brachiariae and compared it with the genome of S. oryzae to identify differences between a Sarocladium plant pathogen and an endophyte. In this study, we reported a gapless genome sequence of a newly identified endophytic fungus Sarocladium brachiariae isolated from Brachiaria brizantha. The genome of S. brachiariae is 31.86 Mb, with a contig N50 of 3.27 Mb and 9903 protein coding genes. Phylogenomic analysis based on single copy orthologous genes provided insights into the evolutionary relationships of S. brachiariae and its closest species was identified as S. oryzae. Comparative genomics analysis revealed that S. brachiaria has 14.9% more plant cell wall degradation related CAZymes to S. oryzae, and 33.3% more fungal cell wall degradation related CAZymes, which could explain the antifungal activity of S. brachiaria. Based on Antibiotics & Secondary Metabolite Analysis Shell (antiSMASH) analysis, we identified a contact helvolic acid biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) for the first time in S. oryzae. However, S. brachiaria had seven fewer terpene gene clusters, including helvolic acid BGC, compared with S. oryzae and this may be associated with adaptation to an endophytic lifestyle. Synteny analysis of polyketide synthases (PKS), non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), and hybrid (PKS-NRPS) gene clusters between S. brachiariae and S. oryzae revealed that just 37.5% of tested clusters have good synteny, while 63.5% have no or poor synteny. This indicated that the S. brachiariae could potentially synthesize a variety of unknown-function secondary metabolites, which may play an important role in adaptation to its endophytic lifestyle and antifungal activity. The data provided a better understanding of the Sarocladium brachiariae genome. Further comparative genomic analysis provided insight into the genomic basis of its endophytic lifestyle and antifungal activity.

/pdf/genomic-characteristics-and-comparative-genomics-analysis-of-8k3iqh7qg3.pdf

Genomic characteristics and comparative genomics analysis of the endophytic fungus Sarocladium brachiariae

Background: Microbial endophytes can be beneficial to host plants, improving resistance against biotic and abiotic stress. While beneficial fungal endophytes have been well characterised in temperate grasses, knowledge about fungal endophytes of tropical grasses is limited.Aims: We investigated the diversity of fungal endophytes associated with Brachiaria, a tropical grass genus native to Africa to source candidate endophytes for developing as beneficial inoculants for cultivated Brachiaria.Methods: Fungi were isolated from asymptomatic tillers of nine Brachiaria species. Morphological and molecular techniques were used to investigate the taxonomic identities and phylogenetic relationships of the putative fungal endophytes.Results: One hundred and seventy-seven fungi were isolated, generating 38 operational taxonomic units (OTU) in total, which were predicted to represent 38 potential species. The most common isolates were related to Acremonium, Cladosporium, Emericellopsis, Plectosphaerella and S...

Fungal endophyte diversity from tropical forage grass Brachiaria

Sarocladium oryzae is a common plant pathogen causing rice sheath rot worldwide. Sarocladium attenuatum has been identified as one of the causal agents of rice sheath rot and was synonymized under S. oryzae. The analysis of 102 Sarocladium strains associated with rice in Taiwan, based on morphological features and multilocus molecular phylogeny, reveals that these two species are distinct and that two other species, S. sparsum sp. nov. and S. spirale sp. nov., can be identified. Sarocladium sparsum is phylogenetically closely related to S. attenuatum and S. oryzae and causes the same disease symptom in pathogenicity tests. Sarocladium spirale, a sister taxon of S. hominis and S. spinificis, is not pathogenic to rice. All strains of S. attenuatum and some S. sparsum strains show fluorescence emission ability under 365-nm UV light, while S. oryzae does not.

Sarocladium species associated with rice in Taiwan

Abstract Hypocreomycetidae is a highly diverse group with species from various habitats. This subclass has been reported as pathogenic, endophytic, parasitic, saprobic, fungicolous, lichenicolous, algicolous, coprophilous and insect fungi from aquatic and terrestrial habitats. In this study, we focused on freshwater fungi of Hypocreomycetidae which resulted 41 fresh collections from China and Thailand. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses, we identified 26 species that belong to two orders ( Hypocreales and Microascales ) and six families ( Bionectriaceae , Halosphaeriaceae , Microascaceae , Nectriaceae , Sarocladiaceae and Stachybotryaceae ). Ten new species are introduced and 13 new habitats and geographic records are reported. Mariannaea superimposita, Stachybotrys chartarum and S. chlorohalonatus are recollected from freshwater habitats in China. Based on phylogenetic analysis of combined LSU, ITS, SSU, rpb 2 and tef 1-α sequences data, Emericellopsis is transferred to Hypocreales genera incertae sedis ; Pseudoacremonium is transferred to Bionectriaceae ; Sedecimiella is placed in Nectriaceae ; Nautosphaeria and Tubakiella are excluded from Halosphaeriaceae and placed in Microascales genera incertae sedis ; and Faurelina is excluded from Hypocreomycetidae . Varicosporella is placed under Atractium as a synonym of Atractium . In addition, phylogenetic analysis and divergence time estimates showed that Ascocodina , Campylospora , Cornuvesica and Xenodactylariaceae form distinct lineages in Hypocreomycetidae and they evolved in the family/order time frame. Hence, a new order ( Xenodactylariales ) and three new families ( Ascocodinaceae , Campylosporaceae and Cornuvesicaceae ) are introduced based on phylogenetic analysis, divergence time estimations and morphological characters. Ancestral character state analysis is performed for different habitats of Hypocreomycetidae including freshwater, marine and terrestrial taxa. The result indicates that marine and freshwater fungi evolved independently from terrestrial ancestors. The results further support those early diverging clades of this subclass, mostly comprising terrestrial taxa and freshwater and marine taxa have been secondarily derived, while the crown clade ( Nectriaceae ) is represented in all three habitats. The evolution of various morphological adaptations towards their habitual changes are also discussed. 

Taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of freshwater Hypocreomycetidae (Sordariomycetes)

/pdf/sarocladium-brachiariae-sp-nov-an-endophytic-fungus-isolated-2qbf3dzh29.pdf

Sarocladium brachiariae sp. nov., an endophytic fungus isolated from Brachiaria brizantha

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

XB Liu

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Sarocladium brachiariae sp. nov., an endophytic fungus isolated from Brachiaria brizantha