The Advanced GAmma Tracking Array (AGATA) is a European project to develop and operate the next generation gamma-ray spectrometer. AGATA is based on the technique of gamma-ray energy tracking in electrically segmented high-purity germanium crystals. This technique requires the accurate determination of the energy, time and position of every interaction as a gamma ray deposits its energy within the detector volume. Reconstruction of the full interaction path results in a detector with very high efficiency and excellent spectral response. The realisation of gamma-ray tracking and AGATA is a result of many technical advances. These include the development of encapsulated highly segmented germanium detectors assembled in a triple cluster detector cryostat, an electronics system with fast digital sampling and a data acquisition system to process the data at a high rate. The full characterisation of the crystals was measured and compared with detector-response simulations. This enabled pulse-shape analysis algorithms, to extract energy, time and position, to be employed. In addition, tracking algorithms for event reconstruction were developed. The first phase of AGATA is now complete and operational in its first physics campaign. In the future AGATA will be moved between laboratories in Europe and operated in a series of campaigns to take advantage of the different beams and facilities available to maximise its science output. The paper reviews all the achievements made in the AGATA project including all the necessary infrastructure to operate and support the spectrometer.

/pdf/agata-advanced-gamma-tracking-array-50t1anq5cp.pdf

AGATA - Advanced GAmma Tracking Array

The first implementation of the AGATA spectrometer consisting of five triple germanium detector clusters has been installed at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, INFN. This setup has two major goals, the first one is to validate the g-tracking concept and the second is to perform an experimental physics program using the stable beams delivered by the Tandem–PIAVE-ALPI accelerator complex. A large Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

/pdf/conceptual-design-and-infrastructure-for-the-installation-of-qgpobap25d.pdf

Conceptual design and infrastructure for the installation of the first AGATA sub-array at LNL

Three alpha particles are emitted from the point of reaction between a proton and boron. The alpha particles are effective in inducing the death of a tumor cell. After boron is accumulated in the tumor region, the emitted from outside the body proton can react with the boron in the tumor region. An increase of the proton's maximum dose level is caused by the boron and only the tumor cell is damaged more critically. In addition, a prompt gamma ray is emitted from the proton boron reaction point. Here, we show that the effectiveness of the proton boron fusion therapy was verified using Monte Carlo simulations. We found that a dramatic increase by more than half of the proton's maximum dose level was induced by the boron in the tumor region. This increase occurred only when the proton's maximum dose point was located within the boron uptake region. In addition, the 719 keV prompt gamma ray peak produced by the proton boron fusion reaction was positively detected. This therapy method features the advantages such as the application of Bragg-peak to the therapy, the accurate targeting of tumor, improved therapy effects, and the monitoring of the therapy region during treatment.

Application of proton boron fusion reaction to radiation therapy: A Monte Carlo simulation study

The performance of the Advanced GAmma Tracking Array (AGATA) at GANIL is discussed, on the basis of the analysis of source and in-beam data taken with up to 30 segmented crystals. Data processing is described in detail. The performance of individual detectors are shown. The efficiency of the individual detectors as well as the efficiency after γ -ray tracking are discussed. Recent developments of γ -ray tracking are also presented. The experimentally achieved peak-to-total is compared with simulations showing the impact of back-scattered γ rays on the peak-to-total in a γ -ray tracking array. An estimate of the achieved position resolution using the Doppler broadening of in-beam data is also given. Angular correlations from source measurements are shown together with different methods to take into account the effects of γ -ray tracking on the normalization of the angular correlations.

/pdf/neda-neutron-detector-array-5cesmroxl1.pdf

NEDA—NEutron Detector Array

In this paper, we provide a formalism for the characterization of tracking arrays with emphasis on the proper corrections required to extract their photopeak efficiencies and peak-to-total ratios. The methods are first applied to Gammasphere, a well characterized 4π array based on the principle of Compton suppression, and subsequently to GRETINA. The tracking efficiencies are then discussed and some guidelines as to what clustering angle to use in the tracking algorithm are presented. It was possible, using GEANT4 simulations, to scale the measured efficiencies up to the expected values for the full 4π implementation of GRETA.

/pdf/characterization-of-a-gamma-ray-tracking-array-a-comparison-4gpg187mer.pdf

Characterization of a gamma-ray tracking array: A comparison of GRETINA and Gammasphere using a 60Co source

The interaction position resolution of the segmented HPGe detectors of an AGATA triple cluster detector has been studied through Monte Carlo simulations and in an in-beam experiment. A new method b ...

Interaction position resolution simulations and in-beam measurements of the AGATA HPGe detectors

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Interaction position resolution simulations and in-beam measurements of the AGATA HPGe detectors