One of the most important global problems is protecting crops from insects. For the control of insects, synthetic chemicals are continuously used, and their toxicity endangers health of farm operat...

Botanical insecticide as simple extractives for pest control

This study elucidates the fumigant toxicity and insecticidal mechanism of essential oil from orange peels against T. confusum, C. maculatus and S. oryzae. Essential oil from orange peels was obtained by hydrodistillation. The chemical constituents of the essential oil were identified by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Fumigant toxicity of the essential oil was evaluated against the adults of T. confusum, C. maculatus and S. oryzae. The effect of the essential oil on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Na/K-ATPase activities in T. confusum, C. maculatus and S. oryzae homogenates were also determined. The major compounds that were identified in the essential oil include limonene (92.14%), β-myrcene (2.7%), 1,8-cineole (0.33%), α-pinene (0.7%) and γ-Terpinene (0.23%). In the fumigation assay, the essential oil displayed toxic effects against T. confusum, C. maculatus and S. oryzae. Percentage mortality of the insects increased with increase in concentration of the essential oil and exposure time while LC50 reduced with increase in period of exposure. Biochemical studies showed that the essential oil exhibited inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Na+/K+-ATPase activities. This study indicates that essential oil from orange peels could be effective in the biocontrol of T. confusum, C. maculatus and S. oryzae and this may be associated to its inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase and Na+/K+-ATPase activity.

Insecticidal activity of essential oil from orange peels ( Citrus sinensis ) against Tribolium confusum , Callosobruchus maculatus and Sitophilus oryzae and its inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase and Na + /K + -ATPase activities

The risk of using synthetic insecticides to the environment, human health, and the emergence of new genera of pests resistant to that kind of drugs, have led to attention in natural compounds. The present study aimed at evaluating the insecticidal activity of 0.25–6 mg/cm2 of basil (Ocimum basilicum), black seeds (Nigella sativa), and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essential oils (EOs) against one of the major stored product pests, Sitophilus oryzae (L.). This was done by assessing mortality and repellent percentage assay in the adult stage, as well as analysing up and down-regulated genes associated with toxicity effect of selected EOs. The three studied EOs showed a toxic effect on S. oryzae; where O. basilicum and L. angustifolia EOs explicated 100% mortality at 6 mg/cm2 after 48 and 24 h, respectively. The highest repellence activity was recorded for O. basilicum EO at 0.75 mg/cm2 with value 82.3% after exposure time 5 h. In the highest dose (6 mg/cm2), the maximum up-regulated expression level of detoxification DEGs genes (CL1294 and CL 8) and cytochrome p45o gene (CYP4Q4) in Lavandula angustifolia EOs exhibited 8.32, 6.08, and 3.75 fold changes, respectively, as compared with 4.76 fold at 10 ppm malathion and 1.02 fold change in acetone control.

https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/5/829/pdf

Evaluation of Insecticidal Effects of Plants Essential Oils Extracted from Basil, Black Seeds and Lavender against Sitophilus oryzae.

The essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia, commonly known as tea tree oil, has many beneficial properties due to its bioactive compounds. The aim of this research was to characterize the tea tree essential oil (TTEO) from Slovakia and its biological properties, which are specific to the chemical composition of essential oil. Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy revealed that terpinen-4-ol was dominant with a content of 40.3%. γ-Terpinene, 1,8-cineole, and p-cymene were identified in contents of 11.7%, 7.0%, and 6.2%, respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined at 41.6% radical inhibition, which was equivalent to 447 μg Trolox to 1 mL sample. Antimicrobial activity was observed by the disk diffusion method against Gram-positive (G+), Gram-negative (G−) bacteria and against yeasts, where the best antimicrobial activity was against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans with an inhibition zone of 10.67 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration showed better susceptibility by G+ and G− planktonic cells, while yeast species and biofilm-forming bacteria strains were more resistant. Antibiofilm activity was observed against Pseudomonas fluorescens and Salmonella enterica by MALDI-TOF, where degradation of the protein spectra after the addition of essential oil was obtained. Good biological properties of tea tree essential oil allow its use in the food industry or in medicine as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent.

/pdf/chemical-and-biological-characterization-of-melaleuca-3iz4hw42.pdf

Chemical and Biological Characterization of Melaleuca alternifolia Essential Oil

Insecticide activity and toxicity of essential oils against two stored-product insects

Pesticide resistance has developed as a result of long‐term and extensive use of chemical pesticides. Essential oils from aromatic plants may provide a new and safe alternative to conventional insecticides. In this study, the insecticidal activities of the essential oil of Melaleuca...

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jen.12397

Chemical composition, insecticidal and biochemical effects of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil on the Helicoverpa armigera

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Chemical composition, insecticidal and biochemical effects of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil on the Helicoverpa armigera