Plasma Bio-Decontamination Water Chemistry and Effects on Cells. Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas for Decontamination of Complex Medical Devices K.-D.Weltmann et al.- Characterization of Damage to Bacteria and Bio-Macromolecules caused by (V) UV Radiation and Particles Generated by a Microscale Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet J.-W. Lackmann et al.- Bio-Decontamination of Water and Surfaces by DC Discharges in Atmospheric Air Z. Machala et al.- Biological Decontamination Using Pulsed Filamentary Microplasma Jet R. Pothiraja et al.- The Fungal Spores Survival Under the Low-Temperature Plasma H. Souskova et al.- Plasma-Liquid Interactions: Chemistry and Antimicrobial Effects T. von Woedtke et al.- Damages of Biological Components in Bacteria and Bacteriophages Exposed to Atmospheric Non-Thermal Plasma A. Mizuno.- Investigations of Bacterial Inactivation and DNA Fragmentation Induced by Flowing Humid Argo Post-Discharge E. Odic et al.- DNA Oxidation by Reactive Oxygen Species Produced by Atmospheric Pressure Microplasmas J.S. Sousa et al.- Optical Emission Spectroscopic Evaluation of different Microwave Plasma Discharges and Its Potential Application for Sterilization Processes J.L. Hueso et al.- Plasma Biofilm Inactivation and Dentistry Applications. Battling Bacterial Biofilms with Gas Discharge Plasma A. Zelaya et al.- Inactivation of Microorganisms in Model Biofilms by an Atmospheric Pressure Pulsed Non-Thermal Plasma Yu. Akishev et al.-Low Temperature Atmospheric Argon Plasma: Diagnostics and Medical Applications S. Ermolaeva et al.- A Sub-Microsecond Pulsed Plasma jet for Endodontic Biofilm Disinfection C. Jiang et al.- Medical Plasma in Dentistry - a future Therapy for Peri-Implantitis I. Koban et al.- Inactivation of Candida Strains in Planktonic and Biofilm Forms Using a Direct Current, Atmospheric-Pressure Cold Plasma Micro-Jet W.-D. Zhu et al.- Non-Thermal Atmospheric Plasma Treatment for Deactivation of Oral Bacteria and Improvement of Dental Composite Restoration Q.S. Yu et al.- Plasma-Based UV Sterilization. Features of the Sterilization by VUV/UV Irradiation of Low-Pressure Discharge Plasma V.V. Tsiolko et al.- Applications of Excilamps in Microbiological and Medical Investigations V.F. Tarasenko et al.- Xenon Iodide Exciplex Lamp as an Efficient Source for the UV Surface cleaning and Water Decontamination M. Guivan et al.- Plasma Tissue Treatment and Wound Healing. Antisepsis of the Skin by Treatment with Tissue-Tolerable Plasma (TTP): Risk Assessment and Perspectives J. Lademann et al.- Cold Microsecond Spark Discharge Plasma Production of Active Species and their Delivery into Tissue D. Dobruynin et al.- Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge Jet for Skin Disinfection Y. Creyghton et al.- Cold Atmospheric Plasma for Clinical Purposes - Promising Results in Patients and Future Applications G. Isbary.- Tissue Tolerable Plasma and Polihexanide: Are Synergistic Effects Possible to Promote Healing of Chronic Wounds? In Vivo and in Vitro Results C.P. Bender et al.-Helium Atmospheric Pressure Plasma jet: Diagnostics and Applications for Burned Wounds Hearling I. Topala and A. Nastuta.- Non-Equilibrium Air Plasma for Wound Bleeding Control S.P. Kuo et al.- Plasma and Electric Fields in Medicine. Subcellular Biological Effects of Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields J.F. Kolb and M. Stacey.- First Achievements and Opportunities for Cancer Treatment Using Non Thermal Plasma E. Robert et al.- Nitric Oxide Plasma Sources for Bio-Decontamination and Plasma Therapy V.N. Vasilets and A.B. Shekhter.- Generation of Focused Shock Waves in Water for Biomedical Applications P. Lukes et al.- DBD Plasma Assisted Silver Functionalization of Surgical Meshes J. Rahel et al.- Prospects for Treating Foods with Cold Atmospheric Gas Plasmas G. Shama and M.G. Kong.- Decontamination of Bacillus Subtilis Spores in a Sealed Package Using a Non-Thermal Plasma System K.M. Keener et al.- Impact of Atmospheric Plasma Generated by a DBD Device on Quality-Related Attributes of "Abate Fetel" Pear Fruit A. Bernardinelli et al.- Fungicidal Effects of Plasma and Radio-Wave Pre-Treatments on Seeds of Grain Crops and Legumes I. Filatova et al.- Subject Index.

/pdf/plasma-for-bio-decontamination-medicine-and-food-security-1y10rr8khh.pdf

Plasma for Bio-Decontamination, Medicine and Food Security

Plasma-activated water (PAW) is gaining significant attention these days due to its potential use as a disinfectant, pesticide, food preservative, cancer cell treatment, fertilizer, etc. These applications of PAW depend on its reactivity (oxidizing-potential) and electrical conductivity (EC). In the present work, we have studied the effect of process parameters, viz., air flow rate, water stirrer speed, and the temperature of water during plasma–water interaction on the reactivity and EC of PAW using a three-way full factorial design of experiments. We have also attempted to optimize these process parameters. At optimum values of these parameters, we studied how the physicochemical properties of PAW vary by changing the volume of water and discharge power. Furthermore, we studied the physicochemical properties of the plasma-activated solution (PAS) and how the EC and pH of virgin solutions affect these properties. The obtained results of the present investigation showed that the flow rate of air, plasma treatment time with water, volume of water, and plasma discharge power play a significant role in controlling the reactivity and EC of PAW. Moreover, the pH and EC of virgin solution do not have a significant (p < 0.05) impact on the reactivity of PAS. This investigation also shows the study of aging time on reactive oxygen–nitrogen species and its effect on the physicochemical properties of PAW. Additionally, observed changes in physicochemical properties, NO3− ions, and H2O2 concentration in PAW were less than 10%. However, NO2− ions and dissolved O3 concentration in PAW decreased significantly over time.

Optimization of process parameters to generate plasma activated water and study of physicochemical properties of plasma activated solutions at optimum condition

The reported dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) source comprises of a ceramic-covered copper electrode, and plasma can be ignited in ambient air with grounded ‘opposite’ electrodes or with objects of high capacitance (e.g., human body), when breakdown conditions are satisfied. Filamentary plasma mode is observed when the same source is operated using grounded opposite electrodes like aluminium plate and phosphate buffered saline solution, and a homogeneous plasma mode when operated on glass. When the source is applied on human body, both homogeneous and filamentary discharges occur simultaneously which cannot be resolved into two separate discharges. Here, we report the characterization of filamentary and homogeneous modes of DBD plasma source using the above mentioned grounded electrodes, by applying optical emission spectroscopy, microphotography and numerical simulation. Averaged plasma parameters like electron velocity distribution function and electron density are determined. Fluxes of nitric oxide, ozone and photons reaching the treated surface are simulated. These fluxes obtained in different discharge modes namely, single-filamentary discharge (discharge ignited in same position), stochastical filamentary discharge and homogeneous discharge are compared to identify their applications in human skin treatment. It is concluded that the fluxes of photons and chemically-active particles in the single filamentary mode are the highest but the treated surface area is very small. For treating larger area, the homogeneous DBD is more effective than stochastical filamentary discharge.

Filamentary and Homogeneous Modes of Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) in Air: Investigation through Plasma Characterization and Simulation of Surface Irradiation

Presently, the world is using different types of disinfectants for various applications such as disinfecting instrument surfaces in the medical field, sanitizers in airplanes, wash-rooms, etc. These disinfectants carry various harmful chemicals that harm our ecosystem. Hence in search of more eco-friendly disinfectants, our research leads us to explore plasma activated water (PAW). PAW can be produced with the help of plasma interaction with water. This interaction changes the physicochemical properties of water and makes it reactive to kill pathogens. PAW can be used for a wide variety of applications such as food preservation, fast germination, sterilization agents, etc. In the present work, PAW has been formed using non-thermal plasma and different gas or gas mixture as plasma forming gas. Its physicochemical properties have been studied to identify pH value, oxidation reduction potential, and chemical species formed after plasma interaction with a water surface. Further, the study has been carried out to determine the disinfectant ability of PAW for two types of pathogens named Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Different bactericidal methods have been adopted to confirm the results. SEM, fluorescence microscopy, and release of nucleic acids and proteins from raptured cell membrane of pathogens clearly show bactericidal efficacy of PAW. The important finding of the present work is the effective killing of pathogens by PAW in a short span of interaction time (≤ 10 s). The PAW has a strong possibility of using it as a disinfectant to kill a wide variety of pathogens and micro-organisms.

Investigation of Physicochemical Properties of Plasma Activated Water and its Bactericidal Efficacy

Atmospheric pressure plasma assisted immobilization of hyaluronic acid on tissue engineering PLA-based scaffolds and its effect on primary human macrophages

Non-equilibrium plasmas generated by a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) are of great interest in material surface processing because of their convenience, effectiveness and low cost. In this paper, polypropylene (PP) films are modified using a non-equilibrium plasma generated by a DBD in air in homogeneous mode and in filamentary mode. The filamentary DBD is generated in ambient air, and the homogeneous DBD is generated at medium pressure with an operating pressure value of 3 kPa. The characteristics of homogeneous DBD are studied and compared with those of filamentary DBD by measuring their electrical discharge parameters and observing their light emission phenomena, and the surface properties of the PP films before and after the treatments are studied using contact angle and surface energy measurement, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It is found that the homogeneous DBD is even and stable in the whole gas gap, which differs from the commonly filamentary DBD. The plasma treatments modify the PP surface in both morphology and composition. The PP films modified in both treatments show a remarkable decrease in the water contact angle and a remarkable increase in surface energy due to the introduction of oxygen-containing groups on the surface and the etching of the surface. The homogeneous DBD is more effective in PP surface modification than the filamentary DBD as it can make the contact angle decrease to a lower level by introducing more oxygen-containing groups. This effect could be explained by the evenly distributed plasma at a homogeneous DBD than at a filamentary DBD, and by the more efficient introduction of atomic oxygen to the PP surface in the case of homogeneous DBD.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0022-3727/42/8/085204/pdf

Comparison of surface modification of polypropylene film by filamentary DBD at atmospheric pressure and homogeneous DBD at medium pressure in air

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) usually manifests as a filamentary streamer discharge in atmospheric air, which limits its industrial application prospect, and the homogeneous DBD with homogeneity and stability has a wider application prospect in the field of material surface treatment, thin film deposition and plasma sterilization than the filamentary one. In order to study the generation condition for the homogeneous DBD in atmospheric air, the characteristics of DBD in the pressure range from 10 Pa to atmospheric pressure are experimentally studied by measuring their electrical discharge parameters and observing their light emission phenomena. The transition of the discharge mode with a change in pressure is observed, and a critical pressure value for generating the homogeneous DBD is obtained, with the influence of barrier materials, their thickness and surface roughness and the air gap distance on the critical pressure values being investigated experimentally. The experimental results show that three characteristic types of discharge modes, including the homogeneous mode, the mixed mode and the filamentary mode, are observed with an increase in pressure. The dielectric barrier plays an important role in the generation of the homogeneous DBD, and the critical pressure values will be larger if the barrier thickness is smaller and the air gap distance is smaller. The critical pd values (the product of gas pressure p and gas gap width d) are almost constant with the change in the air gap distance, which can be improved by reducing the thickness of the dielectric barrier and by selecting appropriate barrier materials, as is validated by the experimental results.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0022-3727/42/8/085203/pdf

Experimental study on the transition of the discharge modes in air dielectric barrier discharge

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Comparison of surface modification of polypropylene film by filamentary DBD at atmospheric pressure and homogeneous DBD at medium pressure in air

Experimental study on the transition of the discharge modes in air dielectric barrier discharge