As a significant symbol of human civilization advancement, earth construction not only inherits traditional architectural culture but also enjoys worldwide popularity and widespread usage throughout China due to its economic and environmentally friendly nature, as well as its moisture absorption and heat storage advantages. Consequently, earth construction has garnered considerable attention from international scholars. This paper compiles relevant data to review the developmental trajectory of earth construction, while conducting an in-depth analysis of the performance characteristics of earthen materials. Furthermore, it provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of three modification methods on the mechanical and durability properties of earthen materials, along with a discussion on the research concerning the thermal and moisture performance of these materials. Simultaneously, discussions were held on the relevant research findings and potential directions for the development of earthen materials. Finally, conclusions were drawn, suggesting a comprehensive utilization of their thermal and moisture performance, emphasizing the enhancement of their mechanical and durability performance. Additionally, attention was urged towards the economic and ecological aspects during the construction and maintenance phases of earth construction. These recommendations aim to facilitate the sustainable development and widespread application of earthen materials in the future.

Properties of Sustainable Earth Construction Materials: A State-of-the-Art Review

Effect of Surface Rolling Process on Rolling Contact Fatigue behavior and Failure Mechanism of Powder Metallurgy Steel

A copper/Q235 steel/copper composite block with excellent bonding interfaces was prepared by explosive welding which was a promising technique to fabricate laminates. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the interfaces were investigated via the tensile-shear test, optical microscope (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD). The results showed that the shear strength of the upper-interface and lower-interfaces of the welded copper/steel are higher than ~235 MPa and ~222 MPa, respectively. The specimens failed fully within the copper and not at the bonding interface. It was attributed to: (1) no cavities and cracks at the interface; (2) the interface formed a metallurgical bonding including numerous ultra-fine grains (UFGs) which can significantly improve the plastic deformation coordination at the interface and inhibit the generation of micro-cracks.

/pdf/interfacial-microstructure-and-shear-behavior-of-the-copper-3io7b7ih.pdf

Interfacial Microstructure and Shear Behavior of the Copper/Q235 Steel/Copper Block Fabricated by Explosive Welding

Characteristic of Near-surface Microstructure and Its Effects on the Torsion Performance of Cold Drawn Pearlitic Steel Wires for Bridge Cables

The impact of κ‐carbide on the spheroidization process of low‐density ultrafine pearlitic steel (with 5 wt% Al and 5 wt% Mn additions) is investigated through isothermal annealing spheroidization. In the findings, it is demonstrated that κ‐carbides can significantly refine the lamellar spacing of low‐density ultrafine pearlite during the isothermal transformation. Additionally, under identical conditions, κ‐pearlite exhibits a higher number of ferrite/κ‐carbide interfaces. In the first stage of pearlite spheroidization, an abundance of dislocations and sub‐grain boundaries facilitate rapid fusion of the lamellar pearlite, while in the second stage, they provide a high‐speed diffusion pathway for carbon diffusion. Moreover, the reduced lamellar spacing shortens the distance for carbon and alloying elements diffusion, thereby promoting granular κ‐carbide formation and accelerating spheroidization in low‐density ultra‐fine pearlite.

Acceleration of Spheroidization in Low‐Density Ultrafine Pearlitic Steel by κ‐Carbide

Microstructure Evolution and Its Effects on the Mechanical Behavior of Cold Drawn Pearlite Steel Wires for Bridge Cables

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Microstructure Evolution and Its Effects on the Mechanical Behavior of Cold Drawn Pearlite Steel Wires for Bridge Cables

Characteristic of Near-surface Microstructure and Its Effects on the Torsion Performance of Cold Drawn Pearlitic Steel Wires for Bridge Cables