The effect of 0.2%Cr addition on the structure, phase composition, and mechanical properties of the novel cast and wrought Al-2.5Zn-2.5Mg-2.5Cu-0.2Zr-Er(Y) alloys were investigated in detail. Chromium is distributed between primary crystals (5.7–6.8%) of the intermetallic phase and the aluminum solid solution (0.2%) (Al). The primary crystals contain for the main part Cr, Ti, Er(Y). The experimental phase composition is in good correlation with the thermodynamic computation data. The micron-sized solidification origin phases (Al8Cu4Er(or Y) and Mg2Si) and supersaturated (Al) with nano-sized Al3(Zr,Ti) and E (Al18Mg3Cr2) precipitates are presented in the microstructure of the novel alloys after solution treatment. The nucleation of η (MgZn2) (0.5%), S (Al2CuMg) (0.4%), and T (Al,Zn,Mg,Cu) (8.8%) phase precipitates at 180 °С, providing the achievement of a maximum hardness of 135 HV in the Al2.5Zn2.5Mg2.5CuYCr alloy. The corrosion potential of the novel alloy is similar to the Ecor of the referenced alloy, but the corrosion current density (0.68–0.98 µA/sm2) is still significantly lower due to the formation of E (Al18Mg3Cr2) precipitates and S phase precipitates of the aging origin, in addition to the T phase. The formation of E (Al18Mg3Cr2) precipitates under the solution treatment provides a lower proportion of recrystallized grains (2.5–5% vs. 22.4–25.1%) and higher hardness (110 HV vs. 85–95 HV) in the Cr-rich alloys compared to the referenced alloys. Solution treated, hot and cold rolled, recrystallized, water quenched and aged at 210 °С alloys demonstrate an excellent microstructure stability and tensile properties: YS = 299–300 MPa, UTS = 406–414 MPa, and El. = 9–12.3%.

Microstructure and Phase Composition of Novel Crossover Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Y(Er) Alloys with Equal Zn/Mg/Cu Ratio and Cr Addition

In recent decades, grain refiners had not only improved the properties on cast aluminum alloy, but also changed the application field of cast aluminum alloys, which had attracted widespread attention. However, there were few reports on microstructure evolution of A356/CRE Al-X-Ce(Ti, C) system by combining traditional grain refiners with element Ce. In this study, refined A356 alloys with excellent strength and plasticity were obtained by adding CRE Al-X-Ce(Ti, C) (0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 and 2.0 wt%, respectively). Using XRD, SEM and TEM, the morphology of phases in the refined A356 alloy and phases of grain refiner were identified. The microstructure evolution of α-Al grains and eutectic Si with the introduction of TiC and Ce was analyzed. The results showed that the novel CRE Al-X-Ce(Ti, C) could not only effectively refine α-Al grains, but also modify Si microstructure of the alloy. The refined A356 alloys with excellent strength and plasticity were obtained with 2.0 and 1.6 wt% grain refiner (CRE) additions, respectively. TiC as nucleation particle and Ce as the surfactant refined the α-Al grains. Also, Ce modified eutectic Si by changing the way it grows. When the CRE Al-X-Ce(Ti, C) content researched 2.0 wt%, the long plate-like Al–Si–Ce phase was formed which can easily caused cracks and reduced the elongation of alloy. 

Microstructure evolution and strengthening mechanism of A356/Al-X-Ce(Ti, C) system by inoculation treatment

Enhancing strength and ductility of Al-Cu-Li alloys by microalloying both Er and Zr to promote complete transformation from δ′ (Al3Li) to T1 (Al2CuLi) precipitates

In this paper, microstructure and tensile performances at elevated temperature were investigated in detail. The results showed that significant grain refinement was obtained with Sc, Zr modification. Coarse AlFeSi intermetallics distributed along grain boundaries were refined to small pieces. During hot extrusion, DRV and DRX progress was accelerated by Al3(Sc, Zr) precipitates via hindering movement of dislocations. Besides, Al3(Sc, Zr) could also limit coarsening of recrystallized grains during subsequent heat treatment and high-temperature tensile testing. Nanosized Al3(Sc, Zr) precipitates ranging from 20 to 80 nm showed excellent coarsening resistance, which was attributed to its special core-shell structure that Zr-enriched outer shell with sluggish diffusivity could act as a diffusion barrier and hinder diffusion of inner Sc-enriched core at high temperature. For both AA6111 and AA6111-0.2Sc-0.1Zr alloys tensile tested at 200 °C, 250 °C and 300 °C, their strength was all decreased with the rising of temperature. But the performances of AA6111-0.2Sc-0.1Zr alloy were always higher than that of AA6111 matrix alloy at any temperature. 

Microstructure evolution and high-temperature performances of AA6111 alloy strengthened by core-shell structured Al3(Sc, Zr) nanoprecipitates

The preparation and characterization of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys with varying chemical compositions are helpful for rapid screening of the optimal compositions in the research and development of new materials. The traditional testing methods cannot accurately determine the composition gradient in samples because they have a low spatial resolution or are semi-quantitative and time-consuming. The micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) methodology has been used for the elemental imaging of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys with varying chemical compositions. The experimental conditions, including testing voltages, testing currents and the dwell time for each pixel, were optimized systematically to improve the repeatability and accuracy of the μ-XRF methodology. The quantitative elemental imaging of an Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy rod sample using μ-XRF was performed, and the results were validated by conducting spark optical emission spectroscopy. The limits of detection of μ-XRF for Zn, Mg, and Cu were 0.007 wt%, 0.068 wt%, and 0.002 wt%, respectively. This versatile elemental imaging technique provided an effective means for the component analysis and process evaluation of alloy samples with a composition gradient and thus for research and development of new materials. 

Micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) methodology for quantitative elemental imaging of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys with varying chemical compositions.

Multi-alloying effect of Ti, Mn, Cr, Zr, Er on the cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys

In this work, an n-octadecylamine functionalized mesoporous carbon nanocomposite (ODA-MPC) was synthesized, and its novel application was demonstrated by utilizing it as a sorbent in matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) of nine pesticide residues identified by gas chromatography-mass
 spectrometer. Here, the protection of the sorbent by the mesoporous fiber membrane enabled it to process complex aqueous matrices and made it advantageous to be used in MSPD. The results confirmed the excellent ability of ODA-MPC to remove matrix interferences and reduce matrix effects compared
 to the traditional solid phase extraction. In particular, the recoveries were 85.0–95.8% (n = 3) with relative standard deviations less than 5%. Additionally, nine pesticide residues in vegetables and fruit were satisfactorily extracted and detected.

Matrix Solid-Phase Extraction of Nine Pesticide Residues from Vegetables Based on Mesoporous Carbon via an Alternative Sample Preparation Approach

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Multi-alloying effect of Ti, Mn, Cr, Zr, Er on the cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys

Matrix Solid-Phase Extraction of Nine Pesticide Residues from Vegetables Based on Mesoporous Carbon via an Alternative Sample Preparation Approach