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Scintillation detectors for fast neutrons

Absolute neutron response functions and detection efficiencies of an NE213 liquid scintillator that was 12.7 cm in diameter and 12.7 cm in thickness were measured for neutron energies between 15 and 600 MeV at the Weapons Neutron Research facility of the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. The experiment was performed with continuous-energy neutrons on a spallation neutron source by 800-MeV proton incidence. The incident neutron flux was measured using a 238U fission ionization chamber. Measured response functions and detection efficiencies were compared with corresponding calculations using the SCINFUL-QMD code. The calculated and experimental values were in good agreement for data below 70 MeV. However, there were discrepancies in the energy region between 70 and 150 MeV. Thus, the code was partly modified and the revised code provided better agreement with the experimental data.

Measurement of absolute response functions and detection efficiencies of an NE213 scintillator up to 600 MeV

The creation of isomeric nuclei by neutron capture in the resonances energy range was studied with the lead slowing-down assembly CIRENE. The isomeric-ratio measurement of 8 nuclei allows to determine the spin of the compound nucleus at the binding energy. An experiment on 177 Lu underlines the role of the spin of a resonance on the isomeric-state feeding probability.

Measurements of isomeric cross-section ratios for neutron capture in the resonances region

The “lead-slowing-down-spectrometer” method is an established technique for measuring neutron-induced reaction cross-sections. It is known to provide high neutron fluences below 100 keV . In this work, the possibility of applying this method to the measurement of the neutron-induced fission cross-section of shortlived actinides and in particular of the 77 eV isomer of 235 U is investigated. Numerical simulations and a test-experiment using a photovaltaic cell fission detector demonstrate the feasibility of such a measurement at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center using 800 MeV proton-induced spallation to provide source neutrons.

Measuring neutron-induced fission cross-section of shortlived actinides using a lead neutron-slowing-down spectrometer

Standard techniques of event-by-event detection of fission may fail when operated in high γ-ray or particle radiation environments. This is the case within the 800 MeV proton-driven lead slowing-down neutron spectrometer at LANSCE where standard fission detectors are found to be inoperable for microseconds to milliseconds after each proton pulse. To overcome this problem, a simple fission fragment detector based on compensated photovoltaic cells has been developed. The compensated detector has lower susceptibility to the strong γ-flash and can recover much faster than an uncompensated detector. This detector is well adapted to applications involving the detection of fission in regions where high intensity γ-ray and/or particle radiation fields exist.

A compensated fission detector based on photovoltaic cells

A large volume (4 l ) liquid NE213 scintillator detector for neutrons in the energy range up to 800 MeV has been calibrated using a high accuracy tagging technique at En=21,34,50,60 and 100 MeV . The experiment is described together with a discussion of the accuracy in the absolute efficiency calibration. Results are presented on total and differential detection efficiencies along with information on the underlying nuclear reactions causing the detector response, including both charged particles and γ-rays. The present results complement previous measurements for the same detector, so that an efficiency calibration now exists over an energy range of En=2– 800 MeV . The empirical results are compared with a calculated energy dependence of the detector response to neutrons.

The response of a liquid scintillator detector to 21–100 MeV neutrons

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Measuring neutron-induced fission cross-section of shortlived actinides using a lead neutron-slowing-down spectrometer

The response of a liquid scintillator detector to 21–100 MeV neutrons