https://content.csbs.utah.edu/~fan/research/42-2012JinWenFanWangSSM.pdf

Trans-local ties, local ties and psychological well-being among rural-to-urban migrants in Shanghai

Background
There has been a dramatic increase in internal migrant workers in China over recent decades, and there is a recent concern of poor mental health particularly amongst younger or “new generation” migrants who were born in 1980 or later.

/pdf/mental-wellbeing-amongst-younger-and-older-migrant-workers-pn8vwmbzfe.pdf

Mental wellbeing amongst younger and older migrant workers in comparison to their urban counterparts in Guangzhou city, China: a cross-sectional study

Health is considered the most important factor for individual well-being and a country's sustainable development. Among the influential factors of population health, sanitary infrastructure, particularly sanitary toilets and innocuous-sanitary toilets, have already attracted attention. In recent years, to improve the overall health status of rural residents, the Chinese government has promoted the "toilet revolution" in rural areas to update and modernize the facilities of toilets. Given that migrant workers contribute significantly to China's economic growth, and that the migrant workers generally lived in rural areas before they moved to urban areas to find jobs, it is of great interest and importance to investigate the impacts of sanitary infrastructure in rural areas on the migrant workers. This study analyzes the spatial characteristic of rural sanitation facilities' implementation and looks for possible correlation between the health status of migrant workers and the implementation of sanitation facilities in their hometowns. Micro-survey data of migrant workers' health status from China Household Income Projects (CHIP) 2013 and macro-data of provincial economic factors are matched to provide a quality analysis. The analysis of the spatial distribution shows that there were significantly large gaps between the prevalence rates of sanitary toilets in provinces. Furthermore, the regression analysis indicates that the implementation of sanitary toilets and innocuous-sanitary toilets exhibits a positive effect on the overall health status of migrant workers, although the effects of the innocuous-sanitary toilets are greater. Moreover, the positive influences of both types of toilets on population health are higher in the provinces with relatively greater annual precipitation and higher average temperature.

Does sanitation infrastructure in rural areas affect migrant workers’ health? Empirical evidence from China

Pregnancy and parenthood have been associated with physical and mental health. Previous literature concerning the impacts of parity on mental health was inconsistent and lack epidemiolocal evidence. China, with growing mental health problems and changing fertility patterns, faces unique challenges. This study aims to examine the relationship between parity and the prevalence of major depression and insomnia among men and women in the Chinese population. Baseline data from a Chinese population-based study of 512,891 adults (59.01% women) from 10 areas, aged 30–79 were analyzed. Number of children was based on self-report by the participants. Major depression (MD) was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Inventory. Insomnia symptoms were accessed by a questionnaire comparable to that used in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between MD/Insomnia and number of children, after stratifications and adjustments. For women, each additional child was associated with a 9% decreased odds of MD (OR: 0.91, 95%CI: 0.88–0.96), with the associations significant for those who lived in urban areas (OR: 0.76, 95%CI: 0.70–0.83), or had a lower education (OR: 0.90, 95%CI: 0.85–0.94), or had lower household income (OR: 0.89, 95%CI: 0.85–0.94), or had ever used alcohol (OR: 0.89, 95%CI: 0.84–0.93). The association between per additional children and MD was not significant in men (OR: 1.02, 95%CI: 0.97–1.07), but a decreased odd of MD with per additional child was found in men who lived in urban areas (OR: 0.81, 95%CI: 0.71–0.96). For women, each additional child was associated with a 4% decreased odds of insomnia (OR: 0.96, 95%CI: 0.95–0.96). Each additional child was also associated with a 2% decreased odds of insomnia in men (OR: 0.98, 95%CI: 0.97–1.00). MD and insomnia were inversely associated with number of children in women while the association was not overall significant in men. The association was mediated by socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. Future mental health public health programs should address parity and sex differences when designing interventions.

/pdf/number-of-children-and-the-prevalence-of-later-life-major-51ccs7vucc.pdf

Number of children and the prevalence of later-life major depression and insomnia in women and men: findings from a cross-sectional study of 0.5 million Chinese adults

In this chapter, first, we will briefly discuss worldwide urbanisation processes with major dimensions of public health challenges in megacities and urban areas. Second, we present some empirical findings from public health surveys conducted in the megacity of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Third, a conceptual framework is proposed based on our research on megacities within the framework of the German Research Foundation’s priority programme “Megacities – Megachallenge: Informal Dynamics of Global Change” and forth, a description of the burden of disease – classified as group I, II and III diseases – in urban areas including their determinants are presented. Lastly, strategies to improve the quality of life in megacities and urban areas are discussed.

Public Health in Megacities and Urban Areas: A Conceptual Framework

/pdf/erratum-mental-health-of-migrant-workers-in-china-prevalence-2slhw3z946.pdf

Erratum: Mental health of migrant workers in China: Prevalence and correlates (Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology (2008) vol. 43 10.1007/s00127-008-0341-1)

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Erratum: Mental health of migrant workers in China: Prevalence and correlates (Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology (2008) vol. 43 10.1007/s00127-008-0341-1)