We have produced nanotube-in-oil suspensions and measured their effective thermal conductivity. The measured thermal conductivity is anomalously greater than theoretical predictions and is nonlinear with nanotube loadings. The anomalous phenomena show the fundamental limits of conventional heat conduction models for solid/liquid suspensions. We have suggested physical concepts for understanding the anomalous thermal behavior of nanotube suspensions. In comparison with other nanostructured materials dispersed in fluids, the nanotubes provide the highest thermal conductivity enhancement, opening the door to a wide range of nanotube applications.

Anomalous thermal conductivity enhancement in nanotube suspensions

Multiwall carbon nanotubes have been dispersed homogeneously throughout polystyrene matrices by a simple solution-evaporation method without destroying the integrity of the nanotubes. Tensile tests on composite films show that 1 wt % nanotube additions result in 36%–42% and ∼25% increases in elastic modulus and break stress, respectively, indicating significant load transfer across the nanotube-matrix interface. In situ transmission electron microscopy studies provided information regarding composite deformation mechanisms and interfacial bonding between the multiwall nanotubes and polymer matrix.

Load transfer and deformation mechanisms in carbon nanotube-polystyrene composites

Recently, polymer nanocomposites reinforced with lower volume fraction of nanoceramics and carbon nanotubes have attracted steadily growing interest due to their peculiar and fascinating properties as well as their unique applications in commercial sectors. The incorporation of nanoceramics such as layered silicate clays, calcium carbonate or silica nanoparticles arranged on the nanometer scale with a high aspect ratio and/or an extremely large surface area into polymers improves their mechanical performances significantly. The properties of nanocomposites depend greatly on the chemistry of polymer matrices, nature of nanofillers, and the way in which they are prepared. The uniform dispersion of nanofillers in the polymer matrices is a general prerequisite for achieving desired mechanical and physical characteristics. In this review article, current development on the processing, structure, and mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites reinforced with respective layered silicates, ceramic nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes will be addressed. Particular attention is paid on the structure–property relationship of such novel high-performance polymer nanocomposites.

Structural and mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites

Carbon Nanotube Sponges

An array of aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was incorporated across a polymer film to form a well-ordered nanoporous membrane structure This membrane structure was confirmed by electron microscopy, anisotropic electrical conductivity, gas flow, and ionic transport studies The measured nitrogen permeance was consistent with the flux calculated by Knudsen diffusion through nanometer-scale tubes of the observed microstructure Data on Ru(NH3)6(3+) transport across the membrane in aqueous solution also indicated transport through aligned CNT cores of the observed microstructure The lengths of the nanotubes within the polymer film were reduced by selective electrochemical oxidation, allowing for tunable pore lengths Oxidative trimming processes resulted in carboxylate end groups that were readily functionalized at the entrance to each CNT inner core Membranes with CNT tips that were functionalized with biotin showed a reduction in Ru(NH3)6(3+) flux by a factor of 15 when bound with streptavidin, thereby demonstrating the ability to gate molecular transport through CNT cores for potential applications in chemical separations and sensing

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/303/5654/62.full.pdf

Aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube membranes.

http://newmaeweb.ucsd.edu/courses/MAE166/FA_2013/CNT9.pdf

Continuous production of aligned carbon nanotubes: a step closer to commercial realization

Constructing 3D hierarchical CNTs/VO2 composite microspheres with superior electromagnetic absorption performance

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries have been regarded as the most potential candidate to substitute lithium‐ion batteries. However, many serious challenges such as suppressing zinc dendrite growth and undesirable reactions, and achieving fully accepted mechanism also have not been solved. Herein, the commensal composite microspheres with α‐MnO2 nano‐wires and carbon nanotubes were achieved and could effectively suppress  ZnSO4·3Zn(OH)2·nH2O rampant crystallization. The electrode assembled with the microspheres delivered a high initial capacity at a current density of 0.05 A g−1 and maintained a significantly prominent capacity retention of 88% over 2500 cycles. Furthermore, a novel energy‐storage mechanism, in which multivalent manganese oxides play a synergistic effect, was comprehensively investigated by the quantitative and qualitative analysis for ZnSO4·3Zn(OH)2·nH2O. The capacity contribution of multivalent manganese oxides and the crystal structure dissection in the transformed processes were completely identified. Therefore, our research could provide a novel strategy for designing improved electrode structure and a comprehensive understanding of the energy storage mechanism of α‐MnO2 cathodes.

A novel improvement strategy and a comprehensive mechanism insight for α‐MnO2 energy storage in rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries

Ammonium (NH4+) ions as charge carriers have exposed tremendous potentials in aqueous batteries because of the rich resources, ultrafast reaction kinetics, and negligible dendrite risks. However, the choices for cathode...

Coupling abundant active sites and Ultra-short ion diffusion path: R-VO 2 /carbon nanotubes composite microspheres boosted high performance aqueous ammonium-ion batteries

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Continuous production of aligned carbon nanotubes: a step closer to commercial realization

Constructing 3D hierarchical CNTs/VO2 composite microspheres with superior electromagnetic absorption performance

A novel improvement strategy and a comprehensive mechanism insight for α‐MnO2 energy storage in rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries

Coupling abundant active sites and Ultra-short ion diffusion path: R-VO 2 /carbon nanotubes composite microspheres boosted high performance aqueous ammonium-ion batteries