Mitochondrial DNA variation analysis in cervical cancer

Introduction: Uptake of HIV tests is a challenging issue in vulnerable populations including immigrants, normally using standard diagnostic tools. Objectives of this study were to evaluate the acceptability of HIV rapid test; estimate the percentage of newly HIV diagnoses and evaluate knowledge, attitudes and perception (KAP) about HIV/AIDS and other STIs in a specific set of immigrants and vulnerable population in Rome (Italy). Methods: All immigrant and Italian people, aged 16–70 years, attending the infectious disease outpatient clinic of the National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty (INMP) in Rome (Italy), during the period December 2012 to December 2013 were enrolled. HIV rapid testing was provided for free and patients were asked to fill in a questionnaire evaluating KAP about HIV/STIs. All patients with risky sexual behaviours or with a recent diagnosis of STIs were invited to come back after 3–6 months and a post-counselling questionnaire was offered. Results: Out of the total s...

HIV rapid testing in the framework of an STI prevention project on a cohort of vulnerable Italians and immigrants.

Currently, interventions for HIV/AIDS control in Sri Lanka are only carried out among the most-at-risk populations. This study was conducted to identify the level of awareness and stigma-related attitudes among the general population of Sri Lanka. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 869 residents of 18-64 years of age in Kandy, Sri Lanka. A self-administered questionnaire was utilised to obtain information about stigma, discrimination and HIV/AIDS-related knowledge. Chi-square test and multivariate analysis were applied to find possible associations between HIV-related variables and socio-demographic indicators. Response rate was 82.0%. Overall, 93.5% of the participants have heard of HIV/AIDS but the knowledge on HIV/AIDS was low with an average score of 51.7%, no statistically significant difference between genders (p = 0.352). Only 58.1% were aware that a condom was an effective tool for its prevention. There were many misconceptions related to epidemiology of HIV/AIDS. The participants showed more positive attitudes towards HIV/AIDS and people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) for all questionnaire items except for those listed under shame and blame. Positive attitudes towards PLHIV were observed to be greater among those with a better HIV/AIDS-related knowledge score. There was no significant association between the attitudes towards PLHIV and socio-demographic characteristics such as ethnicity and religion. There is a greater need of making attempts towards educating the public regarding HIV/AIDS to eliminate misconceptions prevalent in the society. Stigma-related attitudes are mainly due to shame and blame associated with the disease. As the attitudes towards PLHIV were more positive among those with a better HIV/AIDS-related knowledge score, targeted HIV/AIDS-related health education interventions maybe recommended in this regard.

/pdf/awareness-and-attitudes-towards-hiv-aids-among-residents-of-2tv4b55ce7.pdf

Awareness and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS among residents of Kandy, Sri Lanka

Cancer has been broadly considered a genetic disease involving mutations in nuclear DNA and the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). Mitochondria are essential bioenergetics and biosynthetic machinery found in most eukaryotic organisms. Thus, failure of their function is crucial for tumourigenesis, tumour cell growth, and metastasis. Mitochondrial dysregulation can occur as a consequence of molecular alterations in mtDNA, such as point mutations, deletions, inversions, microsatellite instability (MSI), and copy number variations. This review article aims to highlight the published research work on alterations in mtDNA, with a particular focus on mitochondrial MSI (mtMSI) in various types of solid cancers. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for articles about mtMSI and its link to solid cancer published from 1990 till 2021. In this review, we briefly summarize the knowledge related to possible molecular mechanisms causing mtMSI formation and the available information on mtMSI frequency values in all main solid cancer types. Mutations in the mitochondrial genome are widely believed to have a broad impact across various cancers. Based on the available published data, mtMSI can act as a vital risk factor and a potential marker for cancer progression. Further research is required to unravel the role of mtMSI in tumourigenesis.

/pdf/research-highlights-on-contributions-of-mitochondrial-dna-cf8z82rm.pdf

Research highlights on contributions of mitochondrial DNA microsatellite instability in solid cancers – an overview

Alternations in mitochondrial genome in carcinogenesis of HPV positive cervix

Objectives : To explore HIV/AIDS related knowledge, attitude and behaviour among migrant peasant workers in Changsha, which is a inland city in central China, and to provide evidence that educating this population may help to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS in China . Methods : A total of 1782 migrant peasant workers participated in the study. A questionnaire was used to determine their knowledge of HIV/AIDS and related attitude and behaviour items. Results : The majority of the respondents had a rather low level of overall HIV/AIDS knowledge and its prevention, had what constituted risky behaviour in this regard and a generally low acceptance of HIVinfected persons. Furthermore , their behaviour and attitude were analysed with respect to their educational level, occupational class and score of HIV/AIDS related knowledge. Conclusions : The results of this investigation will help healthcare professionals develop a sensitive and specific educational programme for migrant peasant workers. Educating this population will be a very important aspect of HIV/AIDS prevention in China.

The survey of HIV/AIDS related knowledge, attitude and behaviour among migrant peasant workers in middle city in China.

Aim: To investigate the mutation in the D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA in cervical cancer and its influence on the changes of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell cycle. Methods: The D-loop region was amplified by PCR and sequenced. Reactive oxygen species and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry in 40 specimens from cervical cancer and adjacent normal tissues. According to the sequence results, gastric cancer tissue was divided into mutation group and control group. Reactive oxygen species, apoptosis and proliferation in the two groups were compared. Results: Among the 40 cervical cancer specimens, 21 mutations were identified in 12 patients, the mutation rate being 30%. There were four microsatellite instabilities in the mutations. No mutation was found in the adjacent tissues. Reactive oxygen species, apoptosis and proliferation in the mutation group were all significantly higher than those in the control group. Conclusion: Mutation in the D-loop region plays a role in the genesis and development of cervical cancer.

Significance of mutation in the D-loop region in cervical cancer

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a lethal complication of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation which limits its application. Psoralen was utilized in the treatment of GVHD as a second-line method, which is also known as extracorporeal photochemotherapy (ECP). In the process of ECP, mononuclear cells must be isolated from the body in advance then a photosensitizer, 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP, 200 μg/L for the final concentration), would be added to the cell suspension before its exposure to ultraviolet A [UVA; 365 nm, 2J/cm2]. The disposed lymphocytes re-infused into the body account for 5% to 15% of the lymphocytes in the body. The process of ECP is complicated, expensive and very labour intensive, which limits its popularity. We hypothesized that psoralen should be activated by ultraviolet A, and should be kept in activation for a relatively long time before it gets in contact with mononuclear cells. This kind of psoralen is called previously activated psoralen (PAP), which may have the same effects on GVHD as ECP, but would be much easier and economical to work with.

Previously Activated Psoralen: A Possible Novel Format of Psoralen Used in the Treatment of Graft-versus-host Disease.

Glioma are often impossible to visualize discrimination within different grades and staging, especially for glioma molecular subgrouping which is highly related with surgery strategy and prognosis. Based on glioma guideline published on 2021, molecular subgroups such as IDH, 1p/19q etc. need to be detected to classify the subgroups (astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, GBM) from high-grade glioma and guide the personalized treatment. However, timely intraoperative technology is limited to identify molecular subgroups of glioma tissues. To address this problem, we develop a deep learning-guided fiberoptic Raman diagnostic platform to assess its ability of real-time high-grade glioma molecular subgrouping. The robust Raman diagnostic platform is established using convolutional neural networks (ResNet) together with fingerprint spectra acquired within 3 seconds. We have acquired a total of 2358 Raman spectra from 743 tissue sites (astrocytoma: 151; oligodendroglioma:150; GBM: 442) of 44 high-grade glioma patients (anaplastic astrocytoma: 7; anaplastic oligodendroglioma:8; GBM: 29). The optimized ResNet model provides an overall mean diagnostic accuracy of 84.1% (sensitivity of 87.1% and specificity of 81.5%) for identifying 7 molecular subgroups (e.g., IDH, 1p/19q, MGMT, TERT, EGFR, Chromosome 7/10, CDKN2A/B) of high-grade glioma, which is superior to the best diagnosis performance using PCA-SVM and UMAP. We further investigate the saliency map of the best ResNet models using the correctly predicted Raman spectra. The specific Raman features that are related to the tumor-associated biomolecules (e.g., collagens, and lipids) validate the robustness of ResNet diagnostic model. This potential intraoperative technology may therefore be able to diagnosis molecular subgroups of high-grade glioma in real time, making it an ideal guide for surgical resection and instant post-operative decision-making.

/pdf/accurate-and-rapid-molecular-subgrouping-of-high-grade-3haus158.pdf

Accurate and Rapid Molecular Subgrouping of High-Grade Glioma via Deep-learning-assisted Label-free Fiberoptic Raman Spectroscopy

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The survey of HIV/AIDS related knowledge, attitude and behaviour among migrant peasant workers in middle city in China.

Significance of mutation in the D-loop region in cervical cancer

Previously Activated Psoralen: A Possible Novel Format of Psoralen Used in the Treatment of Graft-versus-host Disease.

Accurate and Rapid Molecular Subgrouping of High-Grade Glioma via Deep-learning-assisted Label-free Fiberoptic Raman Spectroscopy