Objective: The aim of this study was to ascertain the effects of adding green tea extract (GTE) to skim milk-egg yolk (SM-EY) extender on both the quality of post-thawed bull semen and the pregnancy rates of the recipient cows.

Methods: Twelve ejaculates from four Simmental bulls, aged 3 to 5 years and weighing 900 to 950 kg, were diluted SM-EY extender, added with 0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 mg GTE/100 mL extender and then frozen. After four weeks storage in liquid nitrogen, the sperm were thawed and evaluated for viability, motility, intact plasma membrane (IPM), and DNA fragmentation. Meanwhile, the estrus cycles of 48 recipient cows were synchronized by intramuscular administration of a single injection of 5 mg prostaglandin F2α. Estrus cows were divided into four equal groups and inseminated artificially 18 to 20 h after the onset of estrus by using semen from each extender group. Pregnancy was diagnosed by measuring serum progesterone levels at 21 days, followed by transrectal palpation 90 days after insemination.

Results: The findings revealed that adding 0.1 mg of GTE/100 mL extender produced the highest percentages of sperm viability (70.67%±1.75%), motility (69.17%±1.47%), and IPM (69.23%±1.21%) and the lowest percentage of DNA fragmentation (3.00%±0.50%). The pregnancy diagnosis revealed that all cows (36/36) inseminated using frozen semen in GTE addition extender were pregnant (pregnancy rate 100%), whereas the pregnancy rate of the control group was 83.33% (10/12).

Conclusion: It may be concluded that 0.1 mg GTE/100 mL extender yields the best quality of spermatozoa and that all variants doses of GTE in extender produce a higher pregnancy rate among recipient cows.

Keywords: Artificial Insemination; Post-thawed Semen Quality; Progesterone; Transrectal Palpation

/pdf/effect-of-green-tea-extract-in-extender-of-simmental-bull-1fumkncbh9.pdf

Effect of green tea extract in extender of Simmental bull semen on pregnancy rate of recipients.

  Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) is an alternative natural ingredient that can be used as an antidiabetic containing several secondary metabolites which are thought to reduce blood glucose levels by inhibiting the action of the α-glucokinase enzyme and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and being able to regenerate β-cells, damaged pancreas so that insulin deficiency can be overcome. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of P. canescens leaves ethanol extract on antidiabetic activity and to determine the effect of various doses of sungkai leaf ethanol extract as antidiabetic. The scientific research method used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) and data analysis used in this study is the one way ANOVA, following by the Duncan test. Blood glucose measurement in treated mice was carried out 3 times. Mice were devided into five groups, three mice in each group, and each group was administered different dosages of sungkai extract (T1 = extract 175 mg/kg body weight; T2 = extract 350 mg/kg body weight; T3 = extract 700 mg/ kg body weight). First, the mice were acclimatized for six days and the injection of treatment was started at day 7. Blood glucose levels, urine volume, body weight and daily drinking of mice was carried out before induction (day 0), after induction (day 8) and after the end of treatment for 10 days (day 18), was carried out using the Point of Care Test (POCT) method using the Easy Touch GCU. The results showed that the ethanol extract of sungkai leaves had the potential to reduce blood glucose levels in mice. The ethanol extract of sungkai leaves at a dose of 350 mg/kg body weight has the most optimal potential to reduce blood glucose levels, urine volume, daily drinking, and body weight. 

/pdf/antidiabetic-activity-of-sungkai-peronema-canescens-jack-llcskq1zdp.pdf

Antidiabetic Activity of Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) Leaves Ethanol Extract on the Male Mice Induced Alloxan Monohydrate

Aim The purpose of this study was to determine the benefits of L-arginine addition in skim milk extender to maintain the quality of goat spermatozoa in chilled storage. Materials and Methods A total of 18 ejaculates from three healthy goats with weight and age of 45 kg and 4-5 years, respectively, were divided into three groups. The control group contained goat semen diluted in a skim milk extender without L-arginine; Treatment I and Treatment II contained goat semen diluted in a skim milk extender with added L-arginine 4 and 6 mM, respectively. These three groups were chilled at 5°C and evaluated daily for 5 days. Observed variables were viability, motility, intact plasma membrane (IPM), malondialdehyde (MDA) level, necrosis, and apoptosis of spermatozoa. Results The addition of L-arginine 4 mM was the best treatment in maintaining viability, motility, and IPM and a decreased MDA level, percentage of necrosis, and apoptosis of goat spermatozoa. An ejaculate in this extender can be divided into 37 doses for intracervical insemination in <1 ml volume with 125 million motile spermatozoa. Conclusion Goat semen retained its quality when kept for 5 days in chilled storage by adding L-arginine in skim milk extender.

/pdf/addition-of-l-arginine-in-skim-milk-extender-maintains-goat-2i9zjbx7jc.pdf

Addition of L-arginine in skim milk extender maintains goat spermatozoa quality in chilled temperature for five days.

Aim The aim of this study was to know crude guava leaf tannins effect on motility, viability, and intact plasma membrane of stored spermatozoa of Etawa crossbred goats. Materials and methods Macroscopic assessment of normal Etawa crossbred semen was followed by dilution with a glucose solution at a 1:10 ratio to increase volume. The diluted semen was treated by adding crude guava leaf tannins into 1 ml of the semen glucose diluent, and five treatments were obtained, namely, control group (C), with no added tannins; treatment Group 1 (T1), with 3%; treatment Group 2 (T2), with 6% tannins; treatment Group 3 (T3), with 12% tannins; and treatment Group 4 (T4), with 24% tannins. Each treatment used five replications. Then, microscopic analysis of the treated and control semen was carried out after 15 days of storage at 4-5°C temperature. The parameters observed were motility, pH, viability, abnormality, and intact spermatozoa plasma membrane. Results The spermatozoa motility in Group C was the highest (76.60±1.47). The motility in Group T1 did not differ from that in Group C, but was different and higher than that in Groups T2, T3, and T4. The pH of Group C tended to be acidic after 15 days of storage (4.78±0.01) as compared to the initial pH of fresh semen (6.76±0.12). The pH in Group C did not differ from that in the Groups T1 and T2, but differed from that in the T3 and T4 groups; the pH in the T3 and T4 groups was similar. The viability of spermatozoa in the T1 group was higher than that in all treatments (64.60±2.76); the lowest values were found in Group C (28.94±1.02). Group C had the lowest number of normal spermatozoa, with a mean of 72.58±3.48. The total number of abnormalities in the T2 group did not differ from those in the T3 group, and abnormalities in the T4 group did not differ from those in Group C, which exhibited the highest abnormalities in the head, neck, and tail. The most significant decrease was observed in the intact plasma membrane of spermatozoa on addition of 12% and 24% crude guava leaf tannin in glucose diluents. Conclusion The addition of 3% crude guava leaf tannin to crossbred Etawa goat semen diluted with glucose diluent and stored for 15 days at 4-5°C resulted in a significant effect on spermatozoa motility, viability, and intact plasma membrane, whereas the administration of 24% crude guava leaf tannin resulted in low live percentage of spermatozoa.

/pdf/the-effect-of-crude-guava-leaf-tannins-on-motility-viability-59kc39adpa.pdf

The effect of crude guava leaf tannins on motility, viability, and intact plasma membrane of stored spermatozoa of Etawa crossbred goats.

Indonesia is a large archipelagic country and it is a tropical country with a huge variety of plants. Borneo as one of five major islands has tropical rainforest with a high level of plants diversities in the world. Traditional treatment by medicinal plants is still used by the people in Pelangsian village. The purpose of this study was to find out how the way the people in Pelangsian village use the traditional medicines, also about the type and the benefits of medical plants there, and which parts of the plants that used to be the traditional medicines. This research uses the descriptive method with a qualitative approach, data collecting is done by making an observation and interviews. Sampling in this research used purposive sampling technique in order to determine key informant with criteria that have been determined by the researcher and snowball sampling that determines the next informant who has already recommended by the key informant before. The result of the research was there are 52 species of medicinal plants that have been determined, the leaves, trunks, peels, fruit, seeds, roots, woods, rhizomes, are the parts of the plants that usually used by the people there and the way to use those herbs is boiled, stacked, rubbed and consumed directly.

/pdf/inventarisasi-tumbuhan-obat-di-desa-pelangsian-kecamatan-5gngvpmxzs.pdf

Inventarisasi Tumbuhan Obat di Desa Pelangsian Kecamatan Mentawa Baru Ketapang Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan ekstrak buah pare (Momordica charantia Linn.) terhadap kadar glukosa darah, sel penyusun pulau Langerhans dan sel Leydig tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) hiperglikemia. Tikus putih sebanyak 25 ekor dibagi secara acak menjadi 5 kelompok. Induksi aloksan dengan dosis 150 mg/kgbb secara intraperitoneal untuk menimbulkan kerusakan pankreas dilakukan pada 5 kelompok perlakuan. Tiga kelompok perlakuan diterapi dengan berbagai dosis ekstrak buah pare, (P1) 29 mg/1ml/hari, (P2) 50 mg/1ml/hari, dan (P3) 59 mg/1ml/hari, satu kelompok sebagai kontrol negatif (P0) diberi CMC Na 0,5% 1ml/hari, kontrol positif (K+) diberi Glibenclamide® 0,126 mg/1ml/hari. Ekstrak buah pare diberikan selama 21 hari. Kadar glukosa diperiksa setelah 2 jam, 4 jam, 6 jam dan 8 jam pascapemberian dihari pertama. Kadar glukosa selanjutnya diperiksa pada hari ke 7, 14 dan 21. Semua tikus dieuthanasia setelah 21 hari perlakuan, pankreas dan testis diambil untuk dibuat preparat histopatologi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak buah pare (Momordica charantia Linn.) memiliki efek antidiabetik yang dapat menurunkan kadar gula darah, meningkatkan jumlah sel insula Langerhans dan meningkatkan jumlah sel Leydig pada dosis 50 mg/1ml/hari pada hari ke 21 setelah perlakuan.

/pdf/efek-anti-diabetes-buah-pare-momordica-charantia-linn-2cavusoryo.pdf

Efek Anti Diabetes Buah Pare (Momordica charantia Linn.) Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah, Sel Penyusun Pulau Langerhans dan Sel Leydig pada Tikus Putih Hiperglikemia

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of green tea extract as antioxidant in the extender of frozen semen on the viability, motility, integrity of plasma membrane, percentage of necrosis and apoptosis of spermatozoa. Ejaculates collected from four Simmental bulls were evaluated and placed in 37°C water bath before the cryopreservation process was started. The semen samples were diluted in milk-egg yolk supplemented with green tea extract of 0 (P0) as control, 0.05 (P1),
0.1 (P2), and 0.15 (P3) mg/100 ml extender, respectively. Diluted semen packed in 0.25 ml straws were cryopreserved and stored in liquid nitrogen for four weeks. Cryopreserved semen packed in straws were thawed individually in 37°C water bath for 30 sec then evaluated microscopically. The results showed that P2 had the highest post-thaw sperm viability, motility, and integrity of plasma membrane compared to the other groups (P<0.05). In addition, the percentage of necrosis and apoptosis of sperm were lowest in P2 (P<0.05) compared to the other groups. The results of the study suggest that semen samples diluted in milk-egg yolk supplemented with green tea extract at the rate of 0.1 mg/100 ml extender had the highest semen quality. Thus, green tea extract can potentially act as antioxidant to maintain the quality of post-thaw bull spermatozoa
Key words: apoptosis, bull, green tea extract, necrosis, post-thaw, sperm quality

Effect of Green Tea Extract Supplementation in The semen Extender on Post-Thaw Sperm Quality of Simmental Bulls

Purpose: This study was aimed to prove the fruit extract of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) towards blood sugar levels, of Langerhans islets cells, and Leydig cells of hyperglycemic white mice (Rattus norvegicus). 
Methods: Twenty-five mice were divided randomly into 5 groups. They all were induced intraperitoneally by alloxan with dosage of 150 mg/kg in order to damage to the pancreas. From all treatments group, three groups (P1, P2, and P3) were treated with various doses of bitter melon extract with dosage 29, 50, and 59 mg/1 ml/day, respectively. As a comparative group, –negative control group (P0 +) were given with CMC-Na 0,5% 1ml/day, whereas the positive control group (K+) were given Glibenclamide® 0.126 mg/1 ml/day. Bitter melon extract was given for 21 days. In the first day of treatment, blood glucose level of mice was examined after 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours after treatments. The blood glucose examinations were subsequently continued at days 7th, 14th and 21st after treatment. After 21 days, the pancreas and testes of mice were taken for histopathological preparations made. 
Results: Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) extract had antidiabetic effects that can lower blood glucose level, improved pancreatic beta cell damage, and increased the Leydig cells number in a dosage of 50 mg/1 ml/day on the 21st days after treatment. 
Conclusion: the extract of bitter melon fruit (Momordica charantia L.) at a dosage of 50 mg/kg/1ml/day can lower blood glucose levels and increased the number of Langerhans islets and Leydig cell of hyperglycemia mice.

http://www.ejobios.org/download/the-antidiabetic-effect-of-bitter-melon-momordica-charantia-l-extracts-towards-glucose-concentration-7166.pdf

The antidiabetic effect of bitter melon ( Momordica charantia L.) extracts towards glucose concentration, langerhans islets, and leydig cells of hyperglycemic mice ( Rattus norvegicus )

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeteksi efek antimitogenik dari ekstrak fraksi alkaloid daun Achyranthes aspera Linn. terhadap induksi apoptosis, pertumbuhan dan perkembangan sel paru-paru yang diinfeksi oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Efek antimitogenic dari alkaloid A. aspera diujikan pada 120 ekor mencit yang diinfeksikan dengan 100 sel/mL M. tuberculosis dan dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok sehingga masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 20 ekor. Kelompok perlakuan terdiri dari: kontrol negatif dengan tikus sehat yang diberikan adjuvant saja, kontrol positif dengan diberikan rifampisin 600 mg/kgbb/hari, dan kelompok perlakuan P0 , P1 , P2 , dan P3 yang diinfeksi M. tuberculosis dan diberikan alkaloid dengan dosis bertingkat 0, 60, 12, dan 180 mg/kgbb/po/hari selama 30 hari. Parameter pengamatan terdiri dari: jumlah total leukosit, jumlah total jenis leukosit, jumlah karbuncel di paru-paru, dan jumlah sel paru-paru yang mengalami apoptosis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada tikus yang terinfeksi M. tuberculosis mengalami penurunan jumlah total dan jenis leukosit (eosinofil, neutrofil, lmfosit dan monosit), dan jumlah karbunkel di paru-paru pada kelompok perlakuan akaloid mulai dosis 60 mg/kgbb. Jumlah sel di paru-paru yang mengalami apoptosis juga mengalami penurunan pada kelompok pemberian akaloid daun A. aspera mulai dosis 60 mg/kgBB sama dengan kelompok rifampisin. Kesimpulan dari penelitian bahwa alkaloid daun A. aspera menyebabkan penurunan jumlah total dan jenis leukosit, serta jumlah karbuncel dan sel paru yang mengalami apoptosis pada tikus yang terinfeksi oleh M. tuberculosis.Kata kunci: Achyranthes aspera Linn., antimitogenik, paru-paru tuberkulosis, apoptotis, leukosit (The Antimitogenic Effect of Alkaloid Fraction of Achyranthes aspera Linn. on Apoptotic Induction in Mice Infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis)The aims of this research was to determine the antimitogenic effect of alkaloid Achyranthes aspera Linn. on apoptotic induction, growth and cell development in lung cell infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimitogenic effect of alkaloid A. aspera was tested in 120 mice that infected with 100 cell/mL M. tuberculosis and divided into 6 groups so that each group consist of 20 mice. The treatment groups were: negative control that healthy mice was given adjuvans only, positive control that was given rifampisin 600 mg/kg bb/day, and treatment group of P0 , P1 , P2 and P3 infected by M. tuberculosis and given alkaloid with dose 0, 60, 12 and 180 mg/kgbw/po/day continously during 30 days. The parameter of observation were total leucocyte count, total differential leucocyte count, total carbuncel in lung, and percentage of apoptotic lung cells. The result showed that mice infected by M. tuberculosis have decreased in total leucocyte and diferentiated leucocyte total (eosinophil, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte), and total carbuncel in lungs after treated by akaloid A. aspera with dose begin 60 mg/kgbw. Apoptotic cell in lung was also decreased in the group tretaed by akaloid A. aspera with dose begin 60 mg/kgbw that the value was equal to the group of rifampisin. In conclusion, treatment of alkaloid from A. aspera caused depreciation in leucocyte total and leucocyte differentiation, and total of carbuncel and apoptotic cell in the lung in mouse that infected by M. tuberkulosis.Keywords: Achyranthes aspera Linn., antimitogenic, tuberculosis lung, apoptotic, leucocyte

/pdf/efek-antimitogenik-fraksi-alkaloid-achyranthes-aspera-linn-2px4h68k3x.pdf

Efek Antimitogenik Fraksi Alkaloid Achyranthes aspera Linn. Terhadap Induksi Apoptosis pada Mencit yang Terinfeksi Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin E on spermatogenic cell number in mice treated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Five experimental groups of a combination of TCDD and vitamin E were designed as follows 0 ng/kg/d and 0 mg/kg/d (control negative group P0), 100 ng/kg/d and 0 mg/kg/d (control positive group, P1), 100 ng/kg/d and 11 mg/kg/d (Group P2), 100 ng/kg/d and 20 mg/kg/d (Group P3), and 100 ng/kg/d and 37 mg/kg/d (Group P4) respectively. Vitamin E and TCDD were given by oral gavage for 5 weeks. The results demonstrated that TCDD decreased spermatogenic cell number. vitamin E at 37 mg/kg antagonized the decline of spermatogenic cell number.The results indicate that vitamin E antagonizes the reproductive endocrine toxicity and alleviates the changes in spermatogenesis caused by TCDD.

Potential of Vitamin E on Spermatogenic Cell Number in Mice Treated With 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)

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