A single charged particle in a Penning trap is a bound system that rivals the hydrogen atom in its simplicity and provides similar opportunities to calculate and measure physical quantities at very high precision. We review the theory of this bound system, beginning with the simple first-order orbits and progressively dealing with small corrections which must be considered owing to the experimental precision that is being achieved. Much of the discussion will also be useful for experiments with more particles in the trap, and several of the mathematical techniques have a wider applicability.

Geonium theory: Physics of a single electron or ion in a Penning trap

https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/191493/1/1-s2.0-S0370157320302556-main.pdf

The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon in the Standard Model

Strong-field effects in laboratory and astrophysical plasmas and high intensity laser and cavity systems are considered, related to quantum electrodynamical (QED) photon-photon scattering. Current state-of-the-art laser facilities are close to reaching energy scales at which laboratory astrophysics will become possible. In such high energy density laboratory astrophysical systems, quantum electrodynamics will play a crucial role in the dynamics of plasmas and indeed the vacuum itself. Developments such as the free-electron laser may also give a means for exploring remote violent events such as supernovae in a laboratory environment. At the same time, superconducting cavities have steadily increased their quality factors, and quantum nondemolition measurements are capable of retrieving information from systems consisting of a few photons. Thus, not only will QED effects such as elastic photon-photon scattering be important in laboratory experiments, it may also be directly measurable in cavity experiments. Here implications of collective interactions between photons and photon-plasma systems are described. An overview of strong field vacuum effects is given, as formulated through the Heisenberg-Euler Lagrangian. Based on the dispersion relation for a single test photon traveling in a slowly varying background electromagnetic field, a set of equations describing the nonlinear propagation of an electromagnetic pulse on a radiation plasma is derived. The stability of the governing equations is discussed, and it is shown using numerical methods that electromagnetic pulses may collapse and split into pulse trains, as well as be trapped in a relativistic electron hole. Effects, such as the generation of novel electromagnetic modes, introduced by QED in pair plasmas is described. Applications to laser-plasma systems and astrophysical environments are also discussed.

Nonlinear collective effects in photon-photon and photon-plasma interactions

Photons can mix with low-mass bosons in the presence of external electromagnetic fields if these particles---not necessarily of spin 1---couple by a two-photon vertex. Important examples are the hypothetical axion (spin 0) and graviton (spin 2). We develop a formalism which is adapted to study the evolution of a photon (axion, graviton) beam in the presence of external fields. We apply our results to discuss the possibility of detecting axions by a measurement of the magnetically induced birefringence of the vacuum. We also discuss photon-axion (graviton) transitions in pulsar magnetic fields. The QED-induced nonlinearity of Maxwell's equations causes magnetic birefringence effects which are much stronger than the axion-induced effects in the range of axion parameters allowed by astrophysical constraints. Also, this QED effect induces an index of refraction for photons in vacuum which is so large near pulsars that photon-axion (graviton) transitions are strongly suppressed. However, this QED effect can be canceled by plasma refractive effects, leading to degeneracy between photons and axions so that resonant transitions can occur in analogy with the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein effect. The adiabatic condition can be met only in spatially extended systems, possibly in the magnetosphere of magnetic white dwarfs. Our conclusions differ substantially from several recent discussions of various aspects of these mixing phenomena.

https://wwwth.mpp.mpg.de/members/raffelt/mypapers/198804.pdf

Mixing of the Photon with Low Mass Particles

There has recently been growing evidence for the existence of neutron stars possessing magnetic fields with strengths that exceed the quantum critical field strength of 4.4 × 1013 G, at which the cyclotron energy equals the electron rest mass. Such evidence has been provided by new discoveries of radio pulsars having very high spin-down rates and by observations of bursting gamma-ray sources termed magnetars. This paper will discuss the exotic physics of this high-field regime, where a new array of processes becomes possible and even dominant and where familiar processes acquire unusual properties. We review the physical processes that are important in neutron star interiors and magnetospheres, including the behaviour of free particles, atoms, molecules, plasma and condensed matter in strong magnetic fields, photon propagation in magnetized plasmas, free-particle radiative processes, the physics of neutron star interiors and field evolution and decay mechanisms. Application of such processes in astrophysical source models, including rotation-powered pulsars, soft gamma-ray repeaters, anomalous x-ray pulsars and accreting x-ray pulsars will also be discussed. Throughout this review, we will highlight the observational signatures of high magnetic field processes, as well as the theoretical issues that remain to be understood.

Physics of strongly magnetized neutron stars

The index of refraction associated with the vacuum polarization induced by homogeneous magnetic fields is calculated for two cases: (i) high-energy photons traversing fields weak compared with the critical field, ${H}_{\mathrm{cr}}=\frac{{m}^{2}{c}^{3}}{e\ensuremath{\hbar}}\ensuremath{\cong}4.41\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{13}$ G; and (ii) low-energy photons in fields of arbitrary intensity. Some implications for the physical optics of intense magnetic fields are briefly discussed.

Propagation of photons in homogeneous magnetic fields: index of refraction

Photon Pair Creation in Intense Magnetic Fields

The method presented by Schwinger to obtain an exact solution (to order $\ensuremath{\alpha}$) of the inverse modified electron propagation function in a homogeneous magnetic field is reviewed. Applications of his general result to obtain the magnetic susceptibility, the anomalous magnetic moment, the decay rate, and the power spectrum of radiation are discussed.

Motion of an Electron in a Homogeneous Magnetic Field-Modified Propagation Function and Synchrotron Radiation

Compton scattering in external magnetic fields: spin-zero charged particles

The differential cross sections for polarized electron-photon scattering are calculated to order ${e}^{6}$ and the unpolarized result of Brown and Feynman is rederived. The left-right asymmetry is calculated for a polarized target electron in agreement with Miller and Wilcox. This leaves the disagreement between theory and experiment unresolved. These results are obtained by using the six invariant amplitudes in spectral form, which were calculated in the preceding communication.

Compton Scattering. II. Differential Cross Sections and Left - Right Asymmetry

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Wu-yang Tsai

Author Tools

Chat about Author