Product design and optimization is a process of interpolation through iteration. Rating and certification process involves thorough testing of the product in standard test conditions. But real world experiments are full of variations and uncertainties. Moreover it is not feasible to create extreme testing environments in laboratory experiments. In many cases physical experiments are not possible at all due to excessive run duration, trade off and socio-financial implications. In such cases simulation is a promising alternate for performance analysis and design optimization. Professionals and researchers also face similar problems while working on solar energy system. There is a fast growing market of solar water heater worldwide. Solar water heating system is transient in nature and its performance depends on dynamic parameters. TRNSYS is transient system simulation software which provides good agreement within error ranging from 5% to 10%. Critical review of simulation of solar water heating system including early works, comparative analysis of popular simulation tools and their architecture in perspective of TRNSYS is presented. Assumptions, modeling of different components, merits and limitations of simulation are also discussed.

Modeling and simulation of solar water heater: A TRNSYS perspective

Field test and preliminary analysis of a combined diurnal solar heating and nocturnal radiative cooling system

Experimental study of the effect of inclination angle on the thermal performance of heat pipe photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems with wickless heat pipe and wire-meshed heat pipe

Solar energy building applications are attracting increasing attention from researchers, engineers, businessmen and officials due to their significant benefits in sustainable development, such as energy saving, cost reduction and environmental protection. Trombe wall, as a classical passive solar heating technique, has been studied for many years. A variety of concepts, methodologies and experiences have been developed during relevant research. Especially in recent years, numerous studies on Trombe wall have been published, which implies a rising attention to this technique. This review focuses on the classification, experimental assessment, modeling methods, and evaluation metrics for Trombe wall. In detail, nine types of Trombe walls are introduced according to their materials, structures and functions. Four experimental methods and two modeling methods of Trombe wall are discussed based on their functions, advantages, disadvantages, and applicability. Three aspects of evaluation metrics for Trombe wall are summarized in terms of technique, economy and environment. Moreover, the current and future research of Trombe wall are discussed at the end. The authors consider this article would be useful for their peers and can facilitate the technical development of Trombe wall.

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Classification, experimental assessment, modeling methods and evaluation metrics of Trombe walls

Experimental study of the heating performance of a Trombe wall with a new design

Experiment and prediction of hybrid solar air heating system applied on a solar demonstration building

Barium hexagonal ferrites exhibiting unique self-biasing characteristics have great potential for application in planar microwave devices, such as self-biased circulators. Cu doping is an effective method to tailor their anisotropy field and ferrimagnetic resonance (FMR) linewidth to meet the requirements for low-frequency low-loss microwave devices. However, the regulation mechanism of Cu doping is still obscure, and its regulation effect is not optimized. Here, the magnetic and microwave properties of two groups of barium hexaferrites with site-controlled Cu doping are reported. The diffusion dynamics of Cu2+ ions are comprehensively investigated, revealing significant differences in the concentration distribution and polycrystalline morphology, when comparing CuO as a reactant and sintering additive. The accumulation of Cu2+ ions at grain boundaries contributes to the increase in coercivity, whereas the dispersion of Cu2+ ions in crystallites leads to the decrease in the anisotropy field. Moreover, by introducing Cu2+ ions into the interstitial positions of the lattice, barium hexaferrites with a narrow FMR linewidth of 303 Oe and a high remanence ratio of 0.82 are achieved. These results represent the lowest FMR linewidth reported in polycrystalline hexagonal ferrites and prove the great technological value and commercial potential of Cu-doped barium hexaferrites for next-generation planar microwave devices. 

Barium hexaferrites with narrow ferrimagnetic resonance linewidth tailored by site‐controlled Cu doping

A novel solar building is constructed in Hefei, China. The solar energy can supply the building with solar power, solar space heating, solar-cooling and solar-hot water by corresponding novel solar technologies and components. Preliminary simulation by TRNSYS showed that the solar building could reduce >30% of the energy consumption compared with the same scale of the office building in Hefei during the heating season. In an experiment performed on 20 February 2013, the max temperatures of both the north room and south room reached 21°C and the average temperatures were 17°C, only using the solar air heating system.

Approach of a solar building integrated with multiple novel solar technologies

A novel solar collector named dual-function solar collector (DFSC) has been proven feasible for supplying warm air for space heating in winter and hot water during none-heating season by theoretical and experimental studies. While integrated with building, the DFSC becomes component of the envelope. Because complexly coupling of several heat transfer modes and subjecting to random weather condition, the thermal influence of DFSC on a building remains obscure. In order to investigate the effect of DFSC for passive and active heating, a demonstrating office building integrated with DFSC panels on the southern wall and roof has been built in Hefei, in the east region of China. A simulation project of the whole building system in winter was built by the software TRNSYS with the new component developed for DFSC and compiled into the TRNSYS library based on the validated theoretical method and experimental results from previous studies. The simulation results show that the energy supplied by the DFSC can meet the heating requirement at most of the time of a sunny day, except early morning. More than 30 % solar fraction can be provided during the whole heating season in Hefei, the value further increases to 59 % in a region of high solar irradiance, such as Lhasa. While active DFSC panels are operated to provide fresh warm air through ventilation system, the flow rate shows strong influence on the solar fraction of heating load. With appropriate operation scheme of the active DFSC, more energy savings and thermal comfort can be achieved.

Study of space heating by dual-function solar collectors

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Experiment and prediction of hybrid solar air heating system applied on a solar demonstration building

Barium hexaferrites with narrow ferrimagnetic resonance linewidth tailored by site‐controlled Cu doping

Approach of a solar building integrated with multiple novel solar technologies

Study of space heating by dual-function solar collectors