Eggs are sources of protein, fats and micronutrients that play an important role in basic nutrition. However, eggs are traditionally associated with adverse factors in human health, mainly due to their cholesterol content. Nowadays, however, it is known that the response of cholesterol in human serum levels to dietary cholesterol consumption depends on several factors, such as ethnicity, genetic makeup, hormonal factors and the nutritional status of the consumer. Additionally, in recent decades, there has been an increasing demand for functional foods, which is expected to continue to increase in the future, owing to their capacity to decrease the risks of some diseases and socio-demographic factors such as the increase in life expectancy. This work offers a brief overview of the advantages and disadvantages of egg consumption and the potential market of functional eggs, and it explores the possibilities of the development of functional eggs by technological methods.

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/7/1/706/pdf

Egg and egg-derived foods: effects on human health and use as functional foods.

Lactobacillus helveticus, grown at 37°C in MRS medium supplemented with 3 mM cholesterol, assimilated all the cholesterol in 42 h having 68 U mg−1 of intracellular cholesterol oxidase activity. The strain transformed 1 g cholesterol to 0.05 g of androsta-1, 4-diene-3, 17-dione and 0.04 g of androst-4-ene-3, 17 dione within 48 h at 37°C with extracellular cholesterol oxidase activity at 12 U mg−1 and intracellular oxidase at 0.5 U mg−1.

Cholesterol assimilation and biotransformation by Lactobacillus helveticus.

Cholesterol oxidases (3beta-hydroxysterol oxidases; EC 1.1.3.6), serve as catalysts for the initial step in the degradation of cholesterol, and probably other natural sterols, that are used as carbon sources for growth of different bacteria. Because of their suitability for attacking cholesterol they have been widely used for the quantification of cholesterol in clinical and food specimens. Cholesterol oxidase has also found application as a probe for membrane structure, as an insecticide, and has been implicated in bacterial pathogenesis. Recently, we have found that a Streptomyces cholesterol oxidase is required for the biosynthesis of the antifungal polyene pimaricin, apparently acting as an antifungal sensor. Here we describe our current understanding of these fascinating enzymes.

Microbial cholesterol oxidases: bioconversion enzymes or signal proteins?

S Eggs are highly nutritious food whose high cholesterol content has been always an inconvenience due to concerns about the relationship between dietary cholesterol and atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk. As this remains uncertain, low cholesterol intake is recommended. This review deals with the techniques employed to reduce the cholesterol content in egg yolk once the egg is shelled. There are four main techniques: i) solvent extraction, ii) fractionation by centrifugation, iii) cholesterol chelates or adsorbents and iv) cholesterol biotransformation. Analyse of techniques, descriptions and recent advances are included in this review. Solvent extraction and cholesterol biotransformation allow to reduce up to 94.7% and 93.4%, respectively. However, both methods have not been scaled up due to food safety and economic reasons. Nowadays, fractionation by centrifugation and cholesterol chelates are the only feasible methods with industrial applications, obtaining up to 82% and 99%, respectively. Fractionation method can be considered the best because no substances are added.

Advances in techniques for reducing cholesterol in egg yolk: A review.

Cholesterol removal in liquid egg yolk using high methoxyl pectins

Bioconversion of yolk cholesterol by extracellular cholesterol oxidase from Brevibacterium sp.

Effect of cholesterol bioavailability-improving factors on cholesterol oxidase production by a mutant Brevibacterium sp. DGCDC-82

A process for biologically synthesizing the extracellular cholesterol oxidase from Brevibacterium is disclosed. The high-output bacterium DGCDC-82 is fermented in optimized condition to obtain said enzyme up to 700-1000 U/L. After purified, its specific enzyme activity can reach 30 U/mg. Said enzyme contains coenzyme FAD and cysteine in the active center of enzyme. In the dual-phase (water phase and organic phase) system, said enzyme can be used to uniquely oxidize the cholesterol to becone cholest-4-ene-3-ketone with 92% of transfer rate, which can be used to reduce cholesterol, blood fat and low-density lipoprotein, so having wide application range.

Process for biologically synthesizing extracellular cholesterol oxidase from Brevibacterium and its transferred product cholest-4-ene-3-one

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Wu Wang

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Bioconversion of yolk cholesterol by extracellular cholesterol oxidase from Brevibacterium sp.

Effect of cholesterol bioavailability-improving factors on cholesterol oxidase production by a mutant Brevibacterium sp. DGCDC-82

Process for biologically synthesizing extracellular cholesterol oxidase from Brevibacterium and its transferred product cholest-4-ene-3-one