Climate change, environmental impact and the limited natural resources urge scientific research and novel technical solutions. The monograph series Green Energy and Technology serves as a publishing platform for scientific and technological approaches to "green" i.e. environmentally friendly and sustainable technologies. While a focus lies on energy and power supply, it also covers "green" solutions in industrial engineering and engineering design. Green Energy and Technology addresses researchers, advanced students, technical consultants as well as decision makers in industries and politics. Hence, the level of presentation spans from instructional to highly technical. **Indexed in Scopus**.

/pdf/green-energy-and-technology-2xuq1yllhb.pdf

Green Energy and Technology

a b s t r a c t Carbon dioxide emissions must be stabilized to mitigate the unfettered release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The removal of carbon dioxide from flue gases, an important first step in addressing the problem of CO2 emissions, can be achieved through adsorption separation technologies. In most adsorption processes, the adsorbent is in contact with fluid in a fixed bed. Fixed-bed column mathematical models are required to predict the performance of the adsorptive separation of carbon dioxide for optimizing design and operating conditions. A comprehensive mathematical model consists of coupled partial differential equations distributed over time and space that describe material, energy, and the momentum balances together with transport rates and equilibrium equations. Due to the complexities associated with the solution of a coupled stiff partial differential equation system, the use of accurate and efficient simplified models is desirable to decrease the required computational time. The simplified model is primarily established based on the description of mass transfer within adsorption systems. This paper presents a review of efforts over the last three decades toward mathematical modeling of the fixed-bed adsorption of carbon dioxide. The nature of various gas–solid equilibrium relationships as well as different descriptions of the mass transfer mechanisms within the adsorbent particle are reviewed. In addition to mass transfer, other aspects of adsorption in a fixed bed, such as heat and momentum transfer, are also studied. Both single- and multi-component CO2 adsorption systems are discussed in the review. © 2013 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A review of mathematical modeling of fixed-bed columns for carbon dioxide adsorption

Siloxane removal from landfill and digester gas – A technology overview

Synthesis of dimethyl ether (DME) via methanol dehydration were investigated over HY zeolite and over Fe-, Co-, Ni-, Cr-, or Zr-modified HY zeolite, and via direct CO hydrogenation over modified HY zeolite-supported Cu–Mn–Zn catalysts. Zr- and Ni-modified HY zeolite exhibited higher activity and stability for methanol dehydration, while Fe-, Co-, and Cr-modified HY zeolite deactivated quickly due to carbon deposition. For DME synthesis directly from CO hydrogenation, it was found that the amount of dehydration component had an important influence on the performance of the dual catalyst. Zr–HY supported Cu–Mn–Zn catalyst was more active and stable than Cu–Mn–Zn/HY in the “synthesis gas to dimethyl ether” process.

Synthesis of dimethyl ether (DME) on modified HY zeolite and modified HY zeolite-supported Cu–Mn–Zn catalysts

Dimethyl ether synthesis via methanol and syngas over rare earth metals modified zeolite Y and dual Cu–Mn–Zn catalysts

ion-exchanged H-ZSM-5 (NaH-ZSM-5) shows higher DME selectivity than H-ZSM-5 dueto the selective removal of strong acid sites.Key Words : Dehydration, DME, Methanol, ZSM-5 zeoliteIntroductionDimethyl ether (DME) is a useful chemical intermediatefor the preparation of many important chemicals, such asdimethyl sulfate and high-value oxygenated compounds.

Dehydration of Methanol to Dimethyl Ether over ZSM-5 Zeolite

The effect of radial heat transfer on temperature swing adsorption (TSA) was studied by using an air-drying TSA experiment. The experimental dynamics of water adsorption and thermal regeneration in a fixed bed packed with zeolite 13X were used to evaluate the predicted results from the developed models. One- and two-dimensional models for energy balance with various equations describing internal velocity were compared in terms of the prediction of transient dynamics of TSA. Since the heat effect in adsorption step depended on the isosteric heat of adsorption, a dynamic simulation was performed under adiabatic, near-adiabatic, and constant wall temperature conditions. A com- parison between one- and two-dimensional models was also made under near-adiabatic condition, which reflected on the experimental condition. There was little difference between adsorption breakthrough curves predicted by the one- and two-dimensional models because the radial distribution of temperature was negligible at the adsorption step. In the case of the regeneration step, a small difference between two models was expected just at the early period of time because the radial effect disappeared with time. One-dimensional model could provide an adequate prediction of the transient dynamics in this system when the wall energy balance was included.

/pdf/effect-of-heat-transfer-on-the-transient-dynamics-of-1krivluzoy.pdf

Effect of Heat Transfer on the Transient Dynamics of Temperature Swing Adsorption Process

https://www.cheric.org/PDF/JIEC/IE07/IE07-5-0276.pdf

Removal Process for Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane from Biogas in Sewage Treatment Plant

The compact steam reformer of the present invention integrally comprises a housing; a reforming reactor having an upper mixing compartment for mixing natural gas and steam and a lower compartment for accommodating a catalyst bed; a natural gas feeding coiled pipe through which natural gas is introduced while being heated; a steam generating coiled pipe in which pure water is converted to steam by the exhaust; a metal fiber burner for heating the reforming reactor; a high-temperature converter for primarily removing carbon monoxide from a synthetic gas; a low-temperature converter for secondarily reducing the carbon monoxide level of the synthetic gas; and a heat exchanger, provided between the high-temperature converter and the low-temperature converter, for cooling the gas effluent from the high-temperature converter.

Compact steam reformer

The decomposition of natural gas over Pd-NiO/Al2O3 and Pt-Sn/Al2O3 is carried out in a microwave catalytic reaction at room temperature The decomposition of methane is caused by collision by excitation of unstable electronic state Measuring the flow rate and plasma power can provide kinetic data and indicate the mechanism The conversion of C2 products increases from 47 to 637% in the microwave plasma catalytic reaction with electric field Comparing the activities of catalysts, Pd-NiO/Al2O3 bimetallic catalyst is more active than Pt-Sn/Al2O3 catalyst because of modification of the surface of catalysts by carbon formation The kinetic modeling of plasma of methane conversion seems related to the power of the electric discharge It was also revealed that proper coking or polymeric carbon formation improves the catalytic activity; therefore, the conversion of methane may increase over Pd-Ni/Al2O3 catalyst in the plasma system

Plasma catalytic reaction of natural gas to C2 product over Pd-NiO/Al2O3 and Pt-Sn/Al2O3 catalysts

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