This study suggests plan of green space management based on the result of research apprehending the characteristic through sorting types of city thermal environment targeting summer which thermal pollution is the most serious. Considering anthropogenic heat, development level of wind road, thermal environment, as a result of types of thermal environment process, it is appeared 36 types, and 10 types is relevant of this research subject. Type Ⅰ-1, size of building is large, artificial covering area is wide, and thermal load of anthropogenic heat is high, typeⅡ-1, development condition of wind road is incomplete as Ⅱlevel, entering cold air is difficult and thermal management and improvement is needed area. Type Ⅲ-1, scale is large and it is area of origin of cold air, development level of wind road is mostly favorable, type Ⅲ-2 is revealed as smaller scale than Ⅲ-1, and small area of origin of cold air. Type Ⅳ, anthropogenic heat is 81～150 W/㎡, average, but development function of wind road is very favorable. Type Ⅴ, large area of thermal load and the origin of cold air are distributed as similar ratio, and level of development function of wind road is revealed as Ⅱ level.According to standard of type classification of thermal environment, as a result of suggesting plan of green space management and biotops area ratio, type Ⅰ-1 is buffer green space and waterway creation, goal biotops area ratio 35%, type Ⅱ-1 afforestation in site and goal biotops area ratio 40%, type Ⅲ-1, preservation plan to display the current function continuously is requested. Type Ⅳ suggests afforestation of stream current, and typeⅤ suggests quantitative increase of green space and goal biotops area ratio 45%.

/pdf/a-study-on-green-space-management-planning-considering-urban-1f4mg0jru4.pdf

A Study on Green Space Management Planning Considering Urban Thermal Environment

https://www.koreascience.or.kr:443/article/JAKO201707153703922.pdf

A Function and Weight Selection of Ecosystem Service Function for the Eco-friendly Protected Horticulture Complex in Agricultural Landscape

To alleviate the urban heat island phenomenon, this study aims to quantitatively analyze the effects of neighborhood green spaces on the improvement of the thermal environment based on detailed scenarios of five types of green spaces, including parks, pocket parks, parking lot greening, roadside planting, and rooftop-wall greening. The ENVI-met 4.4.6v model, a microclimate simulation program, was used to analyze the effects of green spaces. As a result, it was found that the air temperature decreased as the planting density of the park increased, but the thermal comfort index PET, which is the degree of heat sensation felt by humans, was not directly proportional to temperature. The establishment of a pocket park reduced air temperature up to a radius of 56m, while the range of temperature reduction increased by about 12.5% when three additional pocket parks were established at 250m intervals. Unlike the air temperature, PET was only affected in the vicinity of the planted area, so there was no significant difference in the thermal comfort of the surrounding environment due to the construction of pocket parks. Changing the surface pavement from asphalt to lawn blocks and implementing rooftop or wall greening did not directly act as solar shading but positively affected air temperature reduction; PET showed no significant difference. Roadside planting showed a higher air temperature reduction effect as the planting interval was narrower, but PET was not directly proportional to tree density. In the case of shrub planting under trees, it did not significantly affect the air temperature reduction but positively affected the improvement of thermal comfort. This study can outline strategies for constructing neighborhood green spaces to solve the urban heat island phenomena and establish detailed strategies for efficient thermal environment improvements. 

Scenario-Based Analysis on the Effects of Green Areas on the
 Improvement of Urban Thermal Environment†

본 논문은 우리나라의 대표적인 건축물 유형인 아파트를 대상으로 아파트 단지 유형별로 바람길의 효용성을 평가하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해, 본 연구에서는 아파트 단지의 배치와 바람의 유입 방향에 따른 바람 유동의 속도, 패턴 등을 분석하였으며, 연구의 대상은 2000~2010년대의 주요 아파트 단지 유형에 대한 선행연구를 참고하여 4가지 유형을 추출하였다. 각 유형별로 탑상형과 판상형, 혼합형 주동을 활용하여 표준화된 모델을 만들었다. 이 유형들에 대해서 총 8개 방위에서 바람이 유입되도록 설정하여 CFD 시뮬레이션 수행했다. 그 결과, 탑상형으로만 구성된 유형과 탑상형을 단지의 가운데로 배치하는 유형에서 상대적으로 바람의 방향과 상관없이 바람의 속도가 높았으며, 이 유형들에서 단지 내부까지 바람이 잘 유입되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 건물의 형상에 따라 바람과 부딪히는 부분에서의 바람 손실을 계수화한 항력계수(Drag coefficient)에 영향을 받는 것으로 보여, 향후 초기 디자인 단계에서 단지의 패턴에 따른 항력계수의 관리가 필요함을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 추후, 단지 설계의 초기 단계에서 도시열섬, 미세먼지, 단지의 환기 성능 등을 관리함에 있어서 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of wind roads in different types of apartment complexes. The speed and pattern of wind in a complex were analyzed according to its layout and the direction of wind inflow. Four major apartment complex types from the 2000s and 2010s were selected based on previous studies. A standardized model was created for each one using tower-shaped, plate-shaped, and mixed-type complexes. CFD simulations were conducted for each type with wind inflow from eight directions. As a result, the wind speed was relatively high regardless of the direction of the wind in the cases consisting of only the tower type and when the tower type was placed in the center of the complex. In these cases, it was found that wind flowed well into the interior of the complex. This finding was affected by the drag coefficient, which is a measure of wind loss in the area where the wind hits based on the shape of the building. Therefore, the pattern of the complex and drag coefficient management are essential in the initial design stage. The study"s results could be used as a basis for managing urban heat islands, fine dust, and ventilation performance of a complex during the early design stages. 

Analysis of Wind Path Effectiveness for Tower-shaped, Plate-shaped, and Mixed-Type Apartment Complexes According to Layout Types: Based on CFD Simulations

Purpose: Rapid urbanization has exacerbated the influence of the urban heat island effect in existing cities, particularly, in low-rise and densely-populated areas. Accordingly, small urban green spaces have been employed to lower the temperatures in urban areas and improve the quality of life. However, the current research on the quantitative analysis of the size and shape of urban green spaces, which maximize the temperature-reducing effect, is insufficient. Therefore, a quantitative analysis was performed in this study to determine the impact of the shape of an urban green space on the cooling effect of vegetation and range of impacts based on three elements: the area, perimeter, and shape index of the urban green space. Method: A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was performed and used to analyze the impact of the shape of the urban green space on the temperature-reducing effect and range of impacts by examining eighteen urban green spaces in three target areas. To this end, programs such as STAR-CCM+ and GIS were employed. Results: The analysis results show a meaningful relationship between the green space area and range of the cooling effect of the vegetation, and indicate the importance of the perimeter of the vegetation in reducing the temperature of the central and surrounding areas of the urban green space. Moreover, although the shape index is not a decisive factor, slender and intricate shapes were found to have a higher cooling effect for a short distance. Therefore, this study contributes to the establishment of a guideline for the development of a pleasant environment in existing cities. 

Estimation of the Urban Temperature Reduction Effect in Low-rise Residential Areas using CFD Simulation based on the Shape of the Green Space

This study forecasts changes in thermal environment and microclimate change per new building construction and assignment of green space in urban area using Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) simulation. The analysis studies temperature, humidity and wind speed changes in 4 different given conditions that each reflects; 1) new building construction; 2) no new building construction; 3) green spaces; and 4) no green spaces. Daily average wind speed change is studied to be; Case 2(2.3 m/s) ＞ Case 3. The result of daily average temperate change are; Case 3(26.5 ℃ ) ＞ Case 4(24.6 ℃ ) ＞ Case 2(23.9 ℃ ). This result depicts average of 2.5 ℃ temperature rise post new building construction, and decrease of approximately 1.8 ℃ when green space is provided. Daily average absolute humidity change is analysed to be; Case 3(15.8 g/kg') ＞ Case 4(14.1 g/kg') ＞ Case 2(13.5 g/kg'). This also reveals that when no green spaces is provided, 2.3 g/kg' of humidity change occurs, and when green space is provided, 0.6 g/kg change occurnd 4(1.8 m/s), which leads to a conclusion that daily average wind velocity is reduced by 0.5 m/s per new building construction in a building complex.

/pdf/prediction-of-effect-on-outside-thermal-environment-of-3ji30mkq4a.pdf

Prediction of Effect on Outside Thermal Environment of Building and Green Space Arrangement by Computational Fluid Dynamic

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Prediction of Effect on Outside Thermal Environment of Building and Green Space Arrangement by Computational Fluid Dynamic