There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes

The natural history of atrial fibrillation (AF) is characterized by a gradual worsening with time. The recent finding that AF itself produces changes in atrial function and structure has provided a possible explanation for the progressive nature of this arrhythmia. Electrical remodeling (shortening of atrial refractoriness) develops within the first days of AF and contributes to an increase in stability of AF. However, 'domestication of AF' must also depend on a 'second factor' since the persistence of AF continues to increase after electrical remodeling has been completed. Atrial contractile remodeling (loss of contractility) leads to a reduced atrial transport function after cardioversion of AF. An important clinical consequence is that during several days after restoration of sinus rhythm, the risk of atrial thrombus formation is still high. In addition, the reduction of atrial contractility during AF may enhance atrial dilatation which may add to the persistence of AF. Tachycardia-induced structural remodeling takes place in a different time domain (weeks to months). Myolysis probably contributes to the loss of atrial contractile force. Although it might explain the loss of efficacy of pharmacological cardioversion and the development of permanent AF, the role of structural remodeling in the progression of AF is still unclear. Atrial structural remodeling also occurs as a result of heart failure and other underlying cardiovascular diseases. The associated atrial fibrosis might explain intra-atrial conduction disturbances and the susceptibility for AF. Thus, both AF itself and the underlying heart disease are responsible for the development of the arrhythmogenic substrate. New strategies for prevention and termination of AF should be build on our knowledge of the mechanisms and time course of AF-induced atrial remodeling.

Electrical, Contractile and Structural Remodeling during Atrial Fibrillation.(State-of-the-Art)(Plenary Session 3 (PL3) (A) : Atrial Fibrillation : From bench to bedside)(Special Program)

American Heart Association Council on cardiovascular nursing.

The present study was undertaken to identify the congestive heart failure patients by BNP test. To measure BNP levels in Patients with congestive heart disease, to use the BNP in the heart failure treatment and Routine use of BNP assays may help to more rapidly identify patients with heart failure, thereby saving money on unnecessary echocardiograms. In the present study observe the measurement of B-type natriuretic peptide in the heart failure patients. Heart failure, also called congestive heart failure, is a automated rapid assays have been made available condition in which the heart cannot pump enough to hospital laboratories, an increasing number of oxygenated blood to meet the needs of the body's other studies that were performed by clinical investigators organs. The heart keeps pumping, but not as efficiently as have documented the usefulness of these markers in the a healthy heart. Usually, the loss in the heart's pumping process of diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cardiac action is a symptom of an underlying heart problem. Heart disease (5). failure affects nearly 35 million adults in world total The present study was undertaken to identify the population (1). It is on the rise with an estimated 4 congestive heart failure patients by BNP test.To measure to7 millions new cases each year. More than 7.5 million BNP levels in Patients with congestive heart disease , to Indian's suffer from CHF and nearly a million new use the BNP in the heart failure treatment and Routine use cases arise each year. Congestive heart failure (CHF), of BNP assays may help to more rapidly identify patients congestive cardiac failure (CCF) or just heart failure is a with heart failure, thereby saving money on unnecessary condition that can result from any structural or functional echocardiograms. cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the heart to fill with or pump a sufficient amount of blood through the

/pdf/rapid-measurement-of-b-type-natriuretic-peptide-in-the-p6hids0dze.pdf

Rapid Measurement of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide in the Emergency Diagnosis of Heart Failure

Wstep : Procesy zakrzepowe odgrywają istotną role w progresji miazdzycy oraz w patogenezie
ostrych zespolow wiencowych. Udzial czynnikow hemostatycznych w rozwoju chorob ukladu
krązenia, zwlaszcza choroby niedokrwiennej serca, stanowi przedmiot znacznego zainteresowania
badawczego. Celem poszukiwania jest ustalenie roli czynnikow hemostatycznych
w patogenezie miazdzycy i choroby niedokrwiennej serca, a takze wykorzystanie ich w diagnostyce
oraz prognozowaniu przebiegu tego schorzenia. Celem niniejszej pracy byla ocena generacji
trombiny in vivo oraz określenie roli glownego inhibitora krzepniecia krwi u chorych z ostrym
zawalem serca. 
Metody : Badanie przeprowadzono w grupie 70 chorych z ostrym zawalem serca z uniesieniem
odcinka ST. Grupe kontrolną stanowilo 25 zdrowych osob dobranych pod wzgledem plci i wieku.
Wykonano pomiary stezenia kompleksow trombina–antytrombina III (kompleksow TAT) oraz aktywności
antytrombiny III (AT III); material pobierano przed zastosowaniem leczenia zasadniczego. 
Wyniki : W grupie chorych z zawalem serca stwierdzono istotnie wyzsze średnie wartości
stezenia kompleksow TAT (p Wnioski : Uzyskane wyniki wykazują na nasilenie procesow trombinogenezy u pacjentow
z ostrym zawalem serca. Zwiekszona aktywnośc AT III moze byc wyrazem mechanizmow
kompensacyjnych ukladu hemostazy w stosunku do wzmozonej trombinogenezy.

/pdf/ocena-stezenia-kompleksow-trombina-antytrombina-iii-i-1w5o3oi2ty.pdf

Ocena stężenia kompleksów trombina–antytrombina III i aktywności antytrombiny III u pacjentów z ostrym zawałem serca

A case of a patient treated with antiarrhythmic drugs for ventricular arrhythmia occurring after viral infection of the respiratory tract is presented. In the course of preliminary cardiologic examination no organic heart disease was diagnosed. Due to numerous ventricular extrasystolic beats (16 500 per day) and short runs of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (maximum of 4 subsequent beats) propafenone was introduced. Persistent arrhythmia was a reason for adding sotalol to that treatment in an outpatient clinic. After three weeks of such treatment the patient presented cardiac arrest in the mechanism of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. Successful resuscitation and drug discontinuation led to complete resolution of the life-threatening arrhythmia. No inducible complex ventricular arrhythmia was observed during electrophysiologic examination.

/pdf/electrocardiogram-of-the-month-life-threatening-ventricular-4j0fki59gb.pdf

Electrocardiogram of the month Life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia during simultaneous administration of propafenone and sotalol

Transplantacja serca i przewlekła choroba kardiologiczna a poziom ujawnianej samotroski

Znaczące postepy we wspolczesnej onkologii, a w szczegolności wczesna diagnostyka nowotworu oraz
zastosowanie nowoczesnych, skutecznych metod leczenia wplynely na zwiekszoną liczbe calkowitych
wyleczen, a takze na wydluzenie zycia pacjentek z nowotworem sutka. Cześc stosowanych w terapii raka
piersi lekow ma istotne dzialania niepoządane w postaci kardiotoksyczności manifestującej sie glownie
jako kardiomiopatia, niewydolnośc serca, niedokrwienie mieśnia sercowego, a takze nadciśnienie oraz zwiekszona czestośc powiklan zakrzepowo-zatorowych. Wczesna diagnostyka i odpowiednia reakcja
na wystąpienie tego typu powiklan są warunkami powodzenia terapii w tej grupie chorych. Elementem niezbednym w postepowaniu z pacjentkami poddawanymi potencjalnie kardiotoksycznemu leczeniu
przeciwnowotworowemu jest wstepna oraz okresowo powtarzana diagnostyka kardiologiczna obejmująca zarowno wywiad, badanie przedmiotowe, jak i badania dodatkowe. Niebagatelną role w procesie diagnostycznym odgrywa zarowno badanie echokardiograficzne, EKG, jak i ocena biochemicznych markerow chorob ukladu krązenia. Istotą wlaściwej opieki nad pacjentkami z nowotworem sutka poddawanymi
leczeniu kardiotoksycznemu i obciązonymi wyjściowo zwiekszonym ryzykiem sercowo-naczyniowym jest odpowiednio zorganizowana wspolpraca onkologa i kardiologa. W niniejszym artykule podsumowano
aktualną wiedze na temat rodzajow i czestości wystepowania powiklan sercowo-naczyniowych, leczenia przeciwnowotworowego, mechanizmow lezących u podstaw zjawiska kardiotoksyczności, a takze metod
diagnostyki i monitorowania kardiologicznego, ze szczegolnym uwzglednieniem znaczenia markerow biochemicznych oraz modelu wspolpracy kardioonkologicznej
 Onkol. Prak. Klin. 2010; 6, 4: 171–180

/pdf/cardiovascular-complications-in-breast-cancer-patients-294rpjtx3q.pdf

Cardiovascular complications in breast cancer patients — diagnostic aspects

High risk pulmonary embolism remains a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. One of the most difficult clinical situation is pulmonary embolism in patients in early postoperative period as most of them has contraindication to fibrinolysis. In this paper we present the case of patient with thrombophilia and pulmonary embolism diagnosed on the third day after cancer-related laparoscopic prostatectomy. Patient was successfully treated by means of percutaneous catheter thrombus defragmentation and intraarterial infusion of the reduced dose of alteplase.

/pdf/high-risk-pulmonary-embolism-in-early-post-operative-period-64v4j9fle6.pdf

[High-risk pulmonary embolism in early post-operative period].

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