Introduction: Tripartite naturalistic ethics Part I. Factitious Moral Virtue: 1. Identifying the hard core of virtue ethics 2. Rearticulating the situationist challenge to virtue ethics 3. Attempts to defend virtue ethics 4. Factitious moral virtue Part II. Factitious Intellectual Virtue: 5. Extending the situationist challenge to responsibilist virtue epistemology 6. Extending the situationist challenge to reliabilist virtue epistemology 7. Factitious intellectual virtue Part III. Programmatic Conclusion: 8. To see as we are seen: an investigation of social distance heuristics.

Character as Moral Fiction

Previous research on individual, interpersonal, and collective units of pedestrian behavior is briefly summarized and critically evaluated. An alternative theoretical framework and methodological procedure are presented. The imposition of cartesian coordinates on a film record, corrected for “foreshortened perspective,” permits the accurate location, and systematic measurement of distances between, directions, and velocities of individual pedestrian movement. An index of coordinated movement permits the identification and comparison of the extent of collective locomotion within pedestrian streams and other aggregations of persons in public places. The framework and procedures are illustrated with the analysis of a film record of a short sequence of pedestrian behavior. Implications are discussed for several theoretical and applied problems.

Using Film to Analyze Pedestrian Behavior

Spatial structure and decision-making aspects of pedestrian route selection through an urban environment

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Application of computer vision techniques for automated road safety analysis and traffic data collection

The present study investigated various factors influencing pedestrian speed. Undergraduate students who were registered in psychology courses participated in three studies (Study 1: N = 71, M age = 20.3 yr., 37 women; Study 2: N = 92, M age = 19.6 yr., 48 women; Study 3: N =108, M age = 20.4 yr., 56 women). They were required to walk within the city of Hradec Kralove (Czech Republic) along a route consisting of streets with various amounts of vegetation, traffic intensity, and noise. In Studies 1 to 3, participants tended to walk statistically significantly faster in sections without greenery and with more traffic, higher perceived noise, and more people than in sections with greenery and with less traffic, perceived noise, and fewer people. They also walked statistically significantly faster in less open spaces. In a fourth study, participants (N = 70, M age = 20.7 yr., 35 women) were asked to evaluate their emotional reactions to the environment (dimensions of pleasure, arousal, and dominance), as well as to the restorative qualities of the environment. In sections where participants reported more positive emotions and higher restoration, the walking speed was statistically significantly slower. The results are discussed in terms of the relationship between urban environmental design and stress reduction.

Environmental factors influencing pedestrian walking speed

Summary Effects of three levels of environmental stimulation on pedestrian walking speed and cooperation were investigated in a sidewalk setting (N = 314 men and women). Three combinations of naturally occurring street noise and sidewalk density were employed in a naturalistic test of the urban sensory overload hypothesis. Findings revealed a significant linear relationship between stimulation level and cooperation, and significant effect of environmental stimulation on walking speed. Results are discussed in terms of potential adverse interactive effects of moderate stressors, and suggestions for naturalistic stress research, and applications for noise abatement legislation, are presented.

Effects of Urban Noise and Sidewalk Density upon Pedestrian Cooperation and Tempo

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Effects of Urban Noise and Sidewalk Density upon Pedestrian Cooperation and Tempo