In a dc-to-dc converter, alternating current or pulsating direct current produced by a cyclically switched power supply passes through semiconductor rectifiers or diodes. The rectifiers may be subject to unwanted conduction characteristics attributable to charge storage, which may result in cyclical current spikes during normal operation. A current sensor is coupled to sense a current which includes the cyclical spikes. A controllable attenuator or gain element couples the sensed current in a feedback loop to shut down the converter in the event of an overcurrent. To reduce the possibility of shut-down due to the normal cyclical current spikes, the attenuator or gain element is cyclically switched so as to reduce the sensitivity to the current spikes when they occur.

Switch-mode power supply with dynamic adjustment of current sense magnitude

A DC-to-DC converter includes an error amplifier; a ramp generator for generating a ramp signal at the first input of the error amplifier independent of the output of the error amplifier and so that the output of the error amplifier ramps up at a relatively slow rate to avoid overshoot of the desired output voltage of the converter during the start-up phase of the converter; and a ramp disable circuit for disabling the ramp signal upon reaching a value corresponding to the normal operating phase of the converter. The DC-to-DC converter preferably includes at least one power switch and pulse width modulation (PWM) control circuit cooperating with the power switch to provide a desired output voltage of the converter. The ramp generator in one embodiment comprises a current source and an external capacitor connected thereto. In yet another embodiment, the ramp generator may be provided by a staircase ramp generator comprising an amplifier and an integrating capacitor connected thereto. A power-on-reset (POR) circuit is also preferably provided for discharging the integrating capacitor until the start-up phase of the converter.

DC-to-DC converter with soft-start error amplifier and associated method

A control circuit for protecting a metal oxide semiconductor field-effect power transistor from current overloads is disclosed in one embodiment of the control circuit A silicon controlled rectifier is used to remove the bias voltage from the MOSFET in the event of a current overload In another embodiment of the invention a bipolar transistor in combination with a second MOSFET is used to turn off the power MOSFET in the event of a current overload The voltage appearing across the power MOSFET is used as an indication of a current overload condition

Current overload protected solid state relay

An off-power line switching mode power supply which employs current and voltage feedback and sensing converts primary rectified, unregulated high voltage to a number of regulated d.c. secondary voltages and a low frequency, high voltage output suitable for enabling ringing of standard telephones. Two high voltage field effect transistors connected in the half-bridge configuration power multiple output circuits via a capacitively coupled transformer. A pulse width modulator controls the high frequency switching times of the field effect transistors via a transformer-coupled drive circuit.

Off-line switching mode power supply

A peripheral card includes a circuit board, various circuit elements on the circuit board, a set of user terminals, a set of test terminals, and an enclosure that covers a portion of the circuit board and the circuit elements The enclosure does not cover the user terminals and test terminals After the peripheral card is tested, the test terminals are covered with a conformal contact coating in order to prevent access to the test terminals

Memory card with raised portion

Overcurrent protection is obtained in a push-pull network by circuitry repeatedly comparing signals indicative of the instantaneous current flow through the push-pull switching elements with a synchronized reference signal whose value is preferably made to decline during the ON periods of the current switches. Thus, the reference signal may initially be set relatively high to accommodate a moderately high in-rush transient and then to decline to lower levels over the remainder of the time the switching elements are on. At any time that the current signals exceed the compared to reference value, the corresponding current switch is deactivated as a protective measure.

Overcurrent protection for push-pull circuits

A method of adaptively controlling the time of rendering the individual controlled devices (1-6) of a controllable power conversion bridge (10) includes the sensing (26) of the instant in time at which the current from the bridge (10) to a load (16) becomes discontinuous. From the time of this sensing, the time period to a predetermined time such as a normally calculated time of rendering the controlled devices conductive is derived. This time period is then multiplied by a multiplier and the resultant product is combined with the predetermined time to provide an actual time of rendering the controlled devices conductive.

Method for adaptive conduction control in a power converter

A method of adaptively controlling the time of rendering the individual controlled devices of a controllable power conversion bridge includes the sensing of the instant in time at which the current from the bridge to a load becomes discontinuous. From the time of this sensing, the time period to a predetermined time such as a normally calculated time of rendering the controlled devices conductive is derived. This time period is then multiplied by a multiplier and the resultant product is combined with the predetermined time to provide an actual time of rendering the controlled devices conductive.

Method for adaptive control in a power converter operating in a discontinuous current mode

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Overcurrent protection for push-pull circuits

Method for adaptive conduction control in a power converter

Method for adaptive control in a power converter operating in a discontinuous current mode