Research on the political implications of economic conditions is separated into two relatively distinct bodies of literature. I bridge the theoretical gap between them by examining the effects of economic crisis on electoral outcomes in Latin America from 1982 to 1990. An analysis of 21 competitive elections indicates that crisis conditions undermine support for incumbents and provoke high levels of electoral volatility but without necessarily fostering the growth of political extremism or the exhaustion of elite consensus associated with the breakdown of democracy. The results also suggest that the relationship between economic conditions and electoral instability is mediated by party system structure rather than democratic age. Paradoxically, the findings buttress prior research on electoral outcomes in the comparatively stable and homogeneous Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) nations while undercutting theoretical frameworks elaborated with specific reference to the breakdown and consolidation of Third World democracy.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0003055400179547

The Political Impact of Economic Crisis in Latin America in the 1980s

This book combines Qur'anic wisdom and modern economics to provide a clear, integrated picture of what Islamic economics has to offer to realize the kind of well-being Islam envisages.M. Umer Chapra is ranked amongst the Top 50 Global Leaders in Islamic economics (ISLAMICA 500, 2015) and has been awarded with two prestigious awards for his contributions to the field: Islamic Development Bank Award for Islamic Economics (1989) and the King Faisal International Prize for Islamic Studies (1989).

Islam and the economic challenge

The return of austerity has provoked social conflict, political controversy and academic disputes. In this article we explore some of these through the metaphor of an ‘alchemy of austerity’ that forms the foundation for strategies of state retrenchment through which the consent of populations is sought. We begin, in ‘Magical thinking’, by tracing some of the discursive repertoires that circulate in analyses of austerity, showing something of its significance as a key term being mobilized in different international and national political discourses. We then go on to explore political strategies, with a particular focus on the UK in ‘Sharing the pain’. However, we suggest that such a focus offers a limited conception of politics that fails to illuminate the contradictory field of political forces put into motion by austerity strategies. This field of forces, we go on to argue, crystallizes around the problem of securing consent. In ‘Austerity and the problem of consent’ we examine this further, pointing to ...

The alchemy of austerity

https://www.sarpn.org/documents/d0002381/Reclaiming_development_GPRG_2006.pdf

Reclaiming Development? NGOs and the Challenge of Alternatives

The debt crisis has raised serious concerns about the future of democratic governance in Latin America. The prevailing assumption is not merely that economic decline undercuts prospects for democratic consolidation; because of their vulnerability to popular political pressures, democracies—particularly new democracies—have been seen as incapable of mounting effective policy responses to critical economic challenges. A comparative study of policy outcomes in Latin America since the outbreak of the debt crisis challenges this assumption. If we control for the magnitude of the debt burden at the outbreak of the crisis, no statistically significant differences emerge between democratic and authoritarian regimes, or between new democracies and more established regimes. The findings suggest that the conventional wisdom about democracy and economic crisis exaggerates the relationship between political regime characteristics and policy choice, and fundamentally misconstrues the strengths and weaknesses of liberal democratic forms of governance.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S004388710001100X

Democracy and Economic Crisis: The Latin American Experience

The Territorial Dimension of Politics within, among and across Nations.

The authors examine business community involvement; in right-to-work (RTW) campaigns in Louisiana during the 1940s, 1950s, and 1970s. They find that the entire business community supported RTW in the 1940s and 1970s. In the 1950s, some small businesses and major corporations avoided public involvement due to fear of retaliation by unions or the Long government of that era, but those same companies helped initiate and organize the campaigns of the 1940s and 1970s. RTW campaign successes were linked to interunion conflict and social conditions that weakened coalitions of unions and their allies. In each decade, RTW campaigns were influenced by national and international economic and political factors.

Gumbo Politics: Unions, Business, and Louisiana Right-to-Work Legislation

Lost Promises: Debt, Austerity, And Development In Latin America

The political economy of state policies in Malaysia

This study suggests an historical explanation for Florida's enactment of a statewide public sector collective bargaining law in 1974. Florida has characteristics that, in other states, have tended to militate against the passage of such a law: a weak statewide labor movement, low interparty competition, active business opposition, and the long-term incumbency of conservative southern Democrats. Using interviews and historical documents, the authors identify events and conditions that, they argue, account for the 1974 legislation. Notably, federal court-ordered reapportionment led to the election of urban progressives; a revision of the state's constitution gave public employees collective bargaining rights; and the Florida Supreme Court, responding to a suit filed by a local teachers' union, took actions that forced the legislature to enact a collective bargaining law.

From “Porkchoppers” to “Lambchoppers”: The Passage of Florida's Public Employee Relations Act:

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