/pdf/the-community-reinvestment-act-after-financial-modernization-38nntiramv.pdf

The Community Reinvestment Act After Financial Modernization: A Baseline Report

Assessing regional economic stability: a portfolio approach

https://www.clevelandfed.org/~/media/content/newsroom and events/publications/working papers/1996/wp 9620 neighborhood information and home mortgage lending pdf.pdf

Neighborhood Information and Home Mortgage Lending

This paper estimates Bayesian Vector Autoregressive (BVAR) models, both spatial and non-spatial (univariate and multivariate), for the twenty largest states of the US economy, using quarterly data over the period 1976:Q1–1994:Q4; and then forecasts one-to-four quarters-ahead real house price growth over the out-of-sample horizon of 1995:Q1–2006:Q4. The forecasts are evaluated by comparing them with those from an unrestricted classical Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model and the corresponding univariate variant of the same. Finally, the models that produce the minimum average Root Mean Square Errors (RMSEs), are used to predict the downturns in the real house price growth over the recent period of 2007:Q1–2008:Q1. The results show that the BVARs, in whatever form they might be, are the best performing models in 19 of the 20 states. Moreover, these models do a fair job in predicting the downturn in 18 of the 19 states.

/pdf/predicting-downturns-in-the-us-housing-market-a-bayesian-53v0rjl539.pdf

Predicting Downturns in the US Housing Market: A Bayesian Approach

Antibiotic resistance has been increasing along with antibiotic use. At the same time, the supply of new drugs to replace those rendered inefficient by the development has been dwindling, leading to concerns that we may soon lack efficient means to treat bacterial infections. Though the problem has received considerable interest, there are no indications that the situation is about to change. The present review maintains that this is because the two objectives - preserving the efficiency of existing drugs and increasing the supply of new ones - are partly opposing. Hence, creating an incentive structure compatible with both of them is not easy. Nevertheless, it is suggested that levying a fee on the use of antibiotics, and earmarking the proceeds from this fee for subsidizing development of new antibiotics, would be an important step towards increasing incentives for a better antibiotic stewardship while preserving incentives to develop new substances. Keywords: global problem; incentives; antibiotic stewardship; drug development; fees and regulation (Published: 20 August 2012) Citation: Infection Ecology and Epidemiology 2012, 2 : 18165 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/iee.v2i0.18165

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3402/iee.v2i0.18165

Antibiotic resistance – why is the problem so difficult to solve?

Imperfect information and the Community Reinvestment Act

Recent economic literature concludes that an invention-importing country, where domestic invention is scarce or nonexistent, may reduce its welfare and, in some cases, world welfare, by protecting intellectual property developed elsewhere. The analysis presented in this article uses economic theory to show that such a conclusion may not be fully warranted for a wide range of products, such as antibiotics, fungicides, herbicides, and pesticides, whose effectiveness diminishes with cumulative use. Both developed and developing countries may find that protecting intellectual property rights for these products will enhance welfare - even when their invention is provided for free.

/pdf/intellectual-property-rights-and-product-effectiveness-4w5wzlfb22.pdf

Intellectual Property Rights and Product Effectiveness

The recently negotiated North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) among Canada, Mexico, and the United States has received considerable attention, which has overshadowed somewhat the broad-based program of econom ic reform the Mexican government has been pursuing since the mid-1980s. These sweeping reforms, though not part of NAFTA, still have important implications for thecountry's trade with the u.s.

Ejido reform and the NAFTA

Diversifying Texas: recent history and prospects

Forecasting the Texas economy: applications and evaluation of a systematic multivariate time series model

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