Numerical model predictions of low Late Devensian sea levels around Britain are inconsistent with dated sea-level indicators contained in the geological record. Stratigraphies from the western Irish Sea Basin record high sea levels throughout the last deglacial cycle (21-13 ka BP) and onshore ice-marginal glaciomarine and marine sedimentation. Sedimentary evidence emphasizes the role played by delayed isostatic uplift coupled with rapid tidewater evacuation of ice from the basin. Drumlinization and marine downdraw in the northern Irish Sea Basin records subglacial sediment transfer towards tidewater ice margins and headward extension of ice streams deep into the ice sheet around 14 ka BP.

Geological constraints on geophysical models of relative sea-level change during deglaciation of the western Irish Sea Basin

Studies were done on new geomorphological and quaternary-geological profiles through representative reliefs of Tibet from the Central Himalaya as far as the Kuenlun. Thus, further detailed investigations on the prehistoric glaciation could be carried out. Youngest historical to neoglacial ice margin positions could be recorded. Their mapping took place in a downward direction from the modern glacier margins. They confirm snow line (ELA) depressions from decametres up to ca. 100–250 m. At distances of several kilometres to many decakilometres (depending on the relief) from the modern glaciers, neve shields and perennial snow fields, end moraines and later just remnants of lateral moraines and kame complexes of the Late Glacial (ca. Stadia IV-II) have been localized in an increasing disrupted succession and samples have been taken. The recorded, inter- and extrapolated lowest ice margin positions allowed the reconstruction of accompanying depressions of the snow line which, due to the altitude of the Tibetan plateau plains, attained a maximum of 400–700 m. Accordingly, the early Late Glacial (Stadia I to II) and High Glacial glacier traces (Riss or pre-LGM and Wurm or LGM = Stadia −I and/or 0) occurred over a horizontal distance of 1620 km across the plateau with an average height of 4700 m asl without showing the key forms of ice margin positions. From the profiles introduced here, running from Mt. Everest/Cho Oyu (Central Himalaya) in the SE via Gertse (Kaitse; Central Tibet) as far as the Lingzi Thang and Aksai Chin and from there into the Kuenlun, as well as from a parallel section of the Gurla Mandhata (central S Tibet) to the currently very arid Nako Tso, located centrally in the W, sediment samples have been analysed which provide evidence for a ground moraine genesis. Thus, the macroscopic field observations are confirmed. Only the relatively small basin of Shiquanha (Ali) – like the Indus valley chamber of Leh – may have been free of ice during the High Glacial (LGM). Forms of glacial horns, as well as roches moutonnees and large, several metres-high round-polished mountain ridges with slight debris covers, flank polishings, abraded mountain spurs at intermediate valley ridges and high-lying erratics document the widespread ice cover. Important ice thicknesses of at least 1300–1400 m have been recognized by means of transfluences. Especially by and in the Nako Tso (lake) the limnic undercutting of roches moutonnees provides evidence only of a postglacial filling into a primary glacial relief. The glacial ice cover (with the LGM at the end) testified here for a further area of Tibet, is the foundation of the relief-specific hypothesis on the development of the Ice Ages, based on the global radiation geometry: accordingly, the last great geological event, the early Pleistocene plate-tectonically induced uplift of Tibet above the snow line, has brought about a glaciation which, owing to its high albedo, reflected the subtropical radiation energy into space, so that it could not be exploited for the heating of the atmosphere. This may have triggered the Ice Ages. The repeated interglacial warming-up is to be reduced to the positive radiation anomalies by the variations of the parameters of the earth's orbit – which take place rhythmically – and the overlying glacio-isostatic lowering of Tibet and the other inland ice areas.

Reconstruction of an approximately complete Quaternary Tibetan inland glaciation between the Mt. Everest- and Cho Oyu Massifs and the Aksai Chin. A new glaciogeomorphological SE–NW diagonal profile through Tibet and its consequences for the glacial isostasy and Ice Age cycle

Northernmost (?) Glacial Lake Algonquin Series Shorelines, Sudbury Basin, Ontario

The postglacial geological history of Lake Erie was interpreted primarily on the bas is of borehole sedimentary sequences below the major accretionary forelands: Long Point, Point Pelee, and Pointe-aux-Pins. These data were complemented by a number of sedimentary profiles from other boreholes in and around the lake, radiocarbon and pollen-based dating of postglacial sediments, relict geomorphological features, and geometrical and sedimentary data from inflowing streams. Trends i~ sediment properties in the basal portion of the sequences consistently show an abrupt change from glacial sediments (Unit 1), topped by an eroded surface, possibly sub-aerially exposed, to postglacial silty clays deposited in deepor quiet-water environments (Unit 2). As topographic lows were infilled and water depths decreased, the mean grain size increased, reflected in an increasing frequency of sandy laminations (Unit 3). This transitional unit is usually topped by an eras i ona l unconformity, suggesting non-deposition and reworking prior to the deposition of well-sorted, medium sand (Unit 4) at the top of the sequence. Deposition of the top unit began around 5000 years B.P., and clearly occurred in an upper shoreface setting where saltation and bottom traction were the predominant transport modes. This change probably marks the initiation of spit formation at the sites. All boreholes exhibit a clear coarsening-upward

Evolution of lake erie based on the postglacial sedimentary record below the long point, point pelee, and pointe-aux-pins forelands

A Geomorphological Study of Post-Glacial Uplift with Reference to Arctic Canada

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A Geomorphological Study of Post-Glacial Uplift with Reference to Arctic Canada