During the early decades of the twentieth century, William Alanson White and the medical staff at St Elizabeths Hospital in Washington, DC, developed an ambitious programme for US psychiatry wherein the profession would dedicate itself to the reconstitution of mentally-fit and socially-productive American citizens. The racist assumptions beneath this programme led most physicians at the institution to expect little more than deference, dependence and common labour from their black patients, preventing them from comprehending the impact of substandard and racially-segregated care. Black men and women were acutely aware of the injustices they faced. When they rejected elements of the hospital's medical regimen, these patients were also rejecting a social vision that consigned them to the margins of US civic life.

'These strangers within our gates': race, psychiatry and mental illness among black Americans at St Elizabeths Hospital in Washington, DC, 1900-40

EEG examinations were performed on 54 healthy subjects. The alpha index, mean alpha amplitude and the alpha blocking responses to serial paired flashes of light were determined for each subject. No significant correlation was found between any of these variables and extraversion or neuroticism as measured by the Maudsley Personality Inventory. The degree of habituation of the alpha blocking responses to the serial visual stimulation was examined in those subjects with high and low extraversion scores. There was no difference in the rate or extent of habituation in these two groups. The previous literature on the relation between personality and the alpha rhythm is reviewed.

Personality and the Alpha Rhythm

Conci, M. Psychiatry, Psychoanalysis and Sociology in the Work of H.S. Sullivan. Int Forum Psychoanal 1997;6: 127–135. Stockholm, ISSN 0803-706X. The author tries to illuminate H.S. Sullivan's complex professional identity. With E. Fromm he shared a basic humanistic orientation, and also the project of creating an interdisciplinary new science of man. This is the perspective he inherited from W.A. White, who tried to make psychoanalysis a major ingredient of psychiatry and social science. Sullivan's pioneer work with schizophrenic patients changed the prognosis of these patients, represented the basis of his interpersonal theory of psychiatry and of his collaboration with Chicago social science. Not only is the epistemological sophistication of his definition of psychiatrywhich includes the biological, intra- psychic, cultural and social dimensions-very relevant today, but so is the work he conducted, through the Washington School of Psychiatry (1936) and the journal Psychiatry (1938), with the a...

Psychiatry, psychoanalysis and sociology in the work of H.S. Sullivan

Russian psychiatry has a dramatic history, and until now has been at a transitional stage of development. It is facing problems not only common in world psychiatry, but also specific to eastern Europe, in particular Russia. Starting from the beginning of the 1990s, considerable changes have occurred in psychiatry, especially after 1992 when the law on psychiatric care and guarantees of citizens’ rights in its provision was adopted. It became the ideological and legislative basis for reforms. However, there are definite obstacles to structural reforms in psychiatry. They are unfavourable technical conditions in many psychiatric clinics, hypercentralization of psychiatric services, shortage of clinical psychologists and social workers in psychiatry, some difficulties in cooperation between psychiatric and general medical institutions. Economic difficulties in the transition period of Russia's social development prevent the overcoming of these problems. They are being actively discussed and some of t...

History and current condition of Russian psychiatry

Conceptions of healthy and pathological personality development are generalized observations drawn from the lives of their originators. In important ways, psychological theories are autobiographical. They are attempts by the theorist to explain her or his own functioning. Late in what he described as a very lonely life, Harry Stack Sullivan proposed a theory of pathological personality development that he called the malevolent transformation of personality . Much of Sullivan's own interpersonal functioning can be understood in the context of this theory. This paper proposes that the malevolent transformation of personality is as important to an understanding of Sullivan's life as are the traditional foci of his self-described schizophrenic illness and his homosexuality.

Of Molehills and Mountains: Harry Stack Sullivan and the Malevolent Transformation of Personality

Lectures in psychiatry

Forty years of psychiatry

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Lectures in psychiatry

Forty years of psychiatry