Bioelectrical phase angle and impedance vector analysis--clinical relevance and applicability of impedance parameters.

https://www.inner-image.com/assets/2015/05/6.-Ling-de-Craen-Slagboom-Gunn-Stokkel-Westendorp-Maier-2011.pdf

Accuracy of direct segmental multi-frequency bioimpedance analysis in the assessment of total body and segmental body composition in middle-aged adult population

Aim
To develop a simple screening test to identify older adults at high risk for sarcopenia.

Methods
We studied 1971 functionally independent, community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older randomly selected from the resident register of Kashiwa city, Chiba, Japan. Data collection was carried out between September and November 2012. Sarcopenia was defined based on low muscle mass measured by bioimpedance analysis and either low muscle strength characterized by handgrip or low physical performance characterized by slow gait speed.

Results
The prevalence of sarcopenia was 14.2% in men and 22.1% in women. After the variable selection procedure, the final model to estimate the probability of sarcopenia included three variables: age, grip strength and calf circumference. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, a measure of discrimination, of the final model was 0.939 with 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.918–0.958 for men, and 0.909 with 95% CI of 0.887–0.931 for women. We created a score chart for each sex based on the final model. When the sum of sensitivity and specificity was maximized, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for sarcopenia were 84.9%, 88.2%, 54.4%, and 97.2% for men, 75.5%, 92.0%, 72.8%, and 93.0% for women, respectively.

Conclusions
The presence of sarcopenia could be detected using three easily obtainable variables with high accuracy. The screening test we developed could help identify functionally independent older adults with sarcopenia who are good candidates for intervention. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14 (Suppl. 1): 93–101.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ggi.12197

Development of a simple screening test for sarcopenia in older adults

The purpose of this study was to describe structural and functional characteristics of elite Serbian basketball players and to evaluate whether players in different positional roles have different physical and physiological profiles. Five men's basketball teams participated in the study and competed in the professional First National League. Physiological measurements were taken of 60 players during the final week of their preparatory training for competition. According to positional roles, players were categorized as guards (n = 20), forwards (n = 20), and centers (n = 20). Guards were older (p < 0.01) and more experienced (p < 0.01) as compared with both forwards and centers. Centers were taller and heavier than guards and forwards (p < 0.01), whereas forwards had significantly higher height and weight than guards (p < 0.01). Centers had more body fat (p < 0.01) as compared with forwards and guards. Also, centers had significantly lower estimated VO(2)max values (p < 0.01) compared with forwards and guards. In addition, the highest heart rate frequencies during the last minute of the shuttle run test were lower in guards (p < 0.01) as compared with forwards and centers. Vertical jump power was significantly higher in centers (p < 0.01) as compared with guards. The results of the present study demonstrate that a strong relationship exists between body composition, aerobic fitness, anaerobic power, and positional roles in elite basketball.

Profiling in basketball: physical and physiological characteristics of elite players.

Reliability and Agreement of Various InBody Body Composition Analyzers as Compared to Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in Healthy Men and Women.

Relationships were determined between sprint swimming performance and estimates of body composition and somatotype components in competitive collegiate swimmers. Forty-three women and 31 men underwent anthropometric and hydrodensitometric measurements at the beginning of a competitive season. There were significant partial correlations (swim stroke was partialed out) between swimming performance (time in a competitive 100-yard swim of each swimmer's major competitive stroke) and height (-0.466, p < 0.01), the mesomorphic (0.404, p < 0.01) and ectomorphic (-0.398, p < 0.01) components of somatotype, percent body fat (0.351, p < 0.05), and fat-free weight (-0.332, p < 0.05) among the women, but no significant correlations among the men. Twenty-three of the women and 21 of the men were also measured and timed at the end of the competitive season. Again, there were significant (p < 0.01) partial correlations (season and stroke were partialed out) between swimming performance and height (-0.766), fat-free weight (-0.657), body weight (-0.437), and the ectomorphic (-0.441) and mesomorphic (0.392, p < 0.01) components of somatotype in women, but no significant correlations among the men. These findings indicate that measurements of body composition and somatotype may be predictors of swimming performance in women but not in men.

Relationships among swimming performance, body composition and somatotype in competitive collegiate swimmers.

Cross-Validation of Resting Metabolic Rate Prediction Equations.

Objective: This study tested the hypothesis that bioelectrical impedance vectors, group and individual, are valid indicators of total body water (TBW) and hydration status in women experi- encing fluid gain and loss during and after pregnancy Methods: We measured TBW, assessed with D2O dilution, and resistance (R) and reactance (Xc), determined with 800 A at 50 kHz and standardized for height (H) and plotted on a bivariate (R-Xc) graph, in 15 women, 21-37 y of age, longitudinally before and during pregnancy and postpartum (PP) Results: Body weight (619 23 to 755 23 kg) and TBW (314 11 to 382 11 L) increased (P 005) from before pregnancy to the third trimester of pregnancy and decreased PP (670 23 kg and 327 11 L, P 005) R/H and Xc/H decreased during pregnancy (P 005, 361 10 to 318 10 and 44 1t o 36 1 /m, respectively) and increased PP (P 005, 355 10 and 41 1 /m) Vector length decreased (P 005, 363 10 to 320 10 ) during pregnancy and increased PP (P 005, 357 10 ) Changes in vector length and TBW during pregnancy and PP were correlated (r 0599, P 0001) Women with vectors exceeding a 75% tolerance interval had greater TBW gain (10-12 versus 5-6 L) during pregnancy compared with other women with vectors within this tolerance level Conclusion: These findings indicate that impedance vectors provide quantitative evidence of hydration status during pregnancy and that the impedance vector method is useful in monitoring hydration status in pregnancy © 2007 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved

Applied nutritional investigation Assessment of change in hydration in women during pregnancy and postpartum with bioelectrical impedance vectors

Validity of bioelectrical impedance vector anlysis (BIVA) to assess total body water (TBW) in women before, during pregnancy and post partum (PP)

Reuleaux triangle somatocharts.

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