Statistics for Spatial Data.

We investigate whether income inequality affects subsequent growth in a cross-country sample for 1965-90, using the models of Barro (1997), Bleaney and Nishiyama (2002) and Sachs and Warner (1997), with negative results. We then investigate the evolution of income inequality over the same period and its correlation with growth. The dominating feature is inequality convergence across countries. This convergence has been significantly faster amongst developed countries. Growth does not appear to influence the evolution of inequality over time. Outline

https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/81822/1/02-28.pdf

Economic growth and income inequality

This review examines research on the assimilation of immigrant groups. We review research on four primary benchmarks of assimilation: socioeconomic status, spatial concentration, language assimilation, and intermarriage. The existing literature shows that today's immigrants are largely assimilating into American society along each of these dimensions. This review also considers directions for future research on the assimilation of immigrant groups in new southern and midwestern gateways and how sociologists measure immigrant assimilation. We document the changing geography of immigrant settlement and review the emerging body of research in this area. We argue that examining immigrant assimilation in these new immigrant gateways is crucial for the development of theories about immigrant assimilation. We also argue that we are likely to see a protracted period of immigrant replenishment that may change the nature of assimilation. Studying this change requires sociologists to use both birth cohort and genera...

/pdf/assessing-immigrant-assimilation-new-empirical-and-531tlxtjvc.pdf

ASSESSING IMMIGRANT ASSIMILATION: New Empirical and Theoretical Challenges

Rural communities throughout the postindustrial world are in the midst of a significant transition, sometimes referred to as rural restructuring, as traditional land uses, economic activities, and social arrangements transition to those associated with “post-productivist” or “multifunctional” landscapes. Amenity migration, the movement of people based on the draw of natural and/or cultural amenities, can be thought of as both driver and implication of this transition, resulting in significant changes in the ownership, use, and governance of rural lands, as well as in the composition and socioeconomic dynamics of rural communities. In concert with other social, economic and political processes, amenity migration is contributing to the fundamental transformation of rural communities throughout the world. This paper presents a review of the social science literature related to the concept of amenity migration, focusing on the ways in which it has been conceptualized, theorized, and documented by different communities of scholars. We then profile and summarize diverse perspectives on drivers and socioeconomic impacts, highlighting emerging challenges and opportunities related to this type of migration occurring at multiple scales and in multiple sites. The paper also identifies and discusses particular areas where further research is needed.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/info/41308577

Amenity migration: diverse conceptualizations of drivers, socioeconomic dimensions, and emerging challenges

This review outlines several key aspects of the new rural-urban interface and the growing interpenetration of American rural and urban life. The historical coincidence of spatial and social boundaries in America is changing rapidly. This review highlights (a) the enormous scale of rural-urban interdependence and boundary crossing, shifting, and blurring—along many dimensions of community life—over the past several decades, and (b) the symmetrical rather than asymmetrical influences between urban and rural areas, i.e., on bidirectional relational aspects of spatial categories. These general points are illustrated by identifying 10 common conceptions of rural America that reflect both its social and economic diversity and its changing spatial and social boundaries. Here we emphasize symbolic and social boundaries—the distinctions between urban and rural communities and people and the processes by which boundaries are engaged. Placing behaviors or organizational forms along a rural-urban continuum (or within...

Rural America in an Urban Society: Changing Spatial and Social Boundaries

This book uses a comprehensive perspective to examine dynamic relationships between contemporary population change and rural society along four dimensions: rural society as a cultural and demographic entity; rural economic life
and its continued restructuring; rural territory as a contested natural environment;
and rural society as a repository of poverty and economic privilege. Because the
work that follows focuses on nonmetropolitan demographic change, it seems fitting that this introductory chapter explore the changing nature of rurality as both
cultural conception and official definition.

/pdf/population-change-and-rural-society-2yprox43op.pdf

Population change and rural society

13. Hispanics in the American South and the Transformation of the Poultry Industry

We analyze the relationship between Hispanic population growth and changes in U.S. rural income inequality from 1990 through 2000. Applying comparative approaches used for urban areas we disentangle Hispanic population growth’s contribution to inequality by comparing and statistically modeling changes in the family income Gini coefficient across four rural county types: established Hispanic, rapidly growing Hispanic, rapidly growing non-Hispanic, and slow-growth or declining counties. Results support perspectives that stress growing social heterogeneity for understanding the contribution of minority population growth to inequality, including changes in human capital and industrial restructuring. We find remarkably similar inequality growth across rapidly growing Hispanic and non-Hispanic counties. This suggests that growing rural inequality stems largely from economic expansion and population growth rather than changing Hispanic composition.

Hispanic Population Growth and Rural Income Inequality

Rural people and communities play a critical role in 21st century American society. The 2000 Census revealed that while eight of 10 Americans live in urban areas, the 56 million rural residents who reside in nonmetropolitan counties exceed the total population of all but 22 of the world’s 200 plus nation-states (Population Reference Bureau, 2000). As Brown and Swanson (2003, p. 1) have commented, “while rural people comprise a minority of the U.S. population, they are a very large minority indeed.” Moreover, this population quintile resides on 80 percent of the nation’s territory that contains most of America’s farmland, energy resources, water, metals, timber, fisheries, wildlife, and open space. This book uses a comprehensive perspective to examine dynamic relationships between contemporary population change and rural society along four dimensions: rural society as a cultural and demographic entity; rural economic life and its continued restructuring; rural territory as a contested natural environment; and rural society as a repository of poverty and economic privilege. Because the work that follows focuses on nonmetropolitan demographic change, it seems fitting that this introductory chapter explore the changing nature of rurality as both cultural conception and official definition.

Rural america through a demographic lens

Rural Hispanic Population Growth

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