Allelochemicals are widely known to have antagonistic effects on the environment by inhibiting the physiological activities of other plants. However, this is the whole characteristic of allelochemicals since their effects are not only limited to inhibiting. In low concentration, allelochemicals could have a promoting effect on other plants especially on the germination and seedling stage. This research was conducted to examine the allelochemical activity of Parthenium hysterophorus L., Eucalyptus creba F. Muell., and Casuarina cunninghana Miq. on Lepidium sativum L. with the sandwich method. The leaves of parthenium, eucalyptus, and casuarina were dried and layered between two 5 mL agar in multi well plates and the sterilized seeds of Lepidium sativum L. were set to germinate on the agar. The results showed that the leaves of parthenium, eucalyptus, and casuarina caused lower germination rate compared to the control treatment but led to the greater shoot and root length of Lepidium sativum. 

The Effect of Allelochemical of Parthenium hysterophorus L., Eucalyptus creba F. Muell., and Casuarina cunninghamiana Miq. on the Germination and Seedling Growth of Lepidium sativum L.

Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae), commonly known as famine weed in South Africa, is one of the most invasive weeds worldwide, accountable for losses to biodiversity, agriculture, the economy, and the health of livestock and human beings. The spread of this weed is not easy to manage or reverse. With globalization, trade, and human movement, it will continue to spread, allowing its range to expand into new areas. This weed has serious adverse effects on rangeland and agricultural crop production. Because of its unique characteristics, its invasiveness and competitive success rates are attributed to its high reproductive ability, fast growth rate, tolerance to environmental stresses, climate change adaptability, allelopathic potential, and unpalatability to animals. Parthenium hysterophorus dominates diverse habitats by spreading quickly as a contaminant of grain and other crop products and through farm machinery. It is widely distributed and has become problematic in various countries, including South Africa. It has successfully invaded several provinces in the country since its introduction in 1880. Since plant invasions are not universal, this study aimed to review research that has been conducted on the aggressive weed P. hysterophorus to understand the ecological characteristics that enable its successful establishment, the economic costs associated with its detrimental impacts, and to briefly assess knowledge gaps to improve its management strategies.

Ecological Traits and Socio-Economic Impacts of the Alien Invader Weed Parthenium hysterophorus L. in South Africa’s Rangeland Ecosystems: A Review

Abstract A chemical study on the rhizomes of Hedychium spicatum resulted in the isolation and identification of labdane diterpenes, hedychilactone A (1), and B (2). The chemical structure of known compounds 1 and 2 were elucidated based on extensive spectral data analyses and identified by comparing their experimental spectral data with the reported data in the literature. The isolated labdane diterpenes were evaluated for their pesticide effects like nematicidal activity on Meloidogyne incognita, insecticidal activity on Spodoptera litura, and herbicidal activity on Raphanus raphanistrum seeds. The bioactivity of both compounds was predicted with the help of in silico PASS studies. The proteins/enzymes undertaken for docking studies by AutoDock4.2 to validate nematicidal activity was acetylcholinesterase (PBD ID: IC2O), for insecticidal activity was enzyme carboxylesterase (PDB ID: 1CI8), and for herbicidal activity was acetohydroxyacid synthase (PBD ID: 1YHZ). These compounds could be deduced as a viable alternative source of natural pesticidal agents and pave the way for further studies on its mechanistic approaches and field trials to ascertain its pesticidal studies. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Study on Characterization and Pesticidal Evaluation of Diterpenes Isolated from Chloroform Extract of Hedychium spicatum Sm. Rhizomes

Sistem rotasi tanam dan pengolahan tanah sebelum tanam ternyata masih menyisakan seed bank. Seed bank yang memiliki dormansi singkat dapat berkembang menjadi gulma masif dan bersaing dengan tanaman. Dua jenis gulma itu adalah Amaranthus spinosus dan Eleusine indica. Herbisida kimia sering digunakan untuk memberantas gulma secara berlebihan. Dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan diantaranya: matinya organisme non target dan resistensi gulma. Penggunaan mulsa jerami dapat menekan populasi gulma. Namun, mulsa jerami memiliki kelemahan diantaranya : imobilisasi N pada tanah dan inang penyakit soil borne. Pelepasan alelokimia yang lambat menyebabkan penghambatan pada gulma lambat. Jerami yang diekstrak dapat mempercepat proses penghambatan pada gulma. Penelitian dirancang pada rancangan petak terbagi (RPT) yang diulang 3 kali. Sebanyak 5 konsentrasi ekstrak jerami padi K1 (kontrol) K2 (25%), K3 (50%), K4 (75%) dan K5 (100%) dan diaplikasikan pada A. spinosus (T1), E. indica (T2) dan kedelai (T3) pada umur 24 HST. Tujuannya untuk mengetahui konsentrasi ekstrak jerami yang menghambat pertumbuhan pada setiap spesies gulma dan kedelai. Perlakuan K5 (100%) menghambat tinggi tumbuhan, jumlah dan luas area daun, indeks klorofil dan bobot segar tumbuhan. 

pdf/potensi-alelopati-ekstrak-jerami-padi-pada-dua-jenis-gulma-3mf949yhg8.pdf

Potensi Alelopati Ekstrak Jerami Padi pada Dua Jenis Gulma dan Tanaman Kedelai

The cultivation of chili plants is often faced with obstacles such as disease attacks, especially anthracnose disease caused by the fungus Colletotricum capsici and leaf spot disease caused by the fungus Cercospora capsici. This study aimed to determine the effective concentration of T. harzianum secondary metabolites (MSTh) in inhibiting the growth of Colletotricum capsici and Cercospora capsici in vitro. The experiments used various MSTh concentrations: 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. The research results found that administration of MSTh could inhibit the growth of Colletotricum capsici and Cercospora capsici in vitro. Giving MSTh at a concentration of 10% can significantly inhibit the growth of Colletotricum capsici and Cercospora capsici compared to without MSTh. The effective concentration indicated by the percentage value of inhibitory power and colony weight reduction is an MSTh concentration of 40% with a growth inhibition of Colletotricum capsici of 89.49% and an MSTH concentration of 50% with a growth inhibition of Cercospora capsici of 57.78%.

Penilaian Efektivitas Metabolit Sekunder Trichoderma harzianum dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Colletotricum capsici dan Cercospora capsici : Kajian In Vitro

Parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L) is a pantropical weed from Central America that has invaded more than 40 countries in the world. The invasiveness and competitive advantage of this weed are attributed to its ability to produce large number of seeds, tolerance to environmental stresses, climate change adaptability, and allelopathic properties. Phenolics and sesquiterpene lactones are two major classes of allelopathic compound produced by parthenium weed and these chemicals are known to have significant negative effect on germination, seedling emergence and growth of various plants species. The allelopathic properties of parthenium weed had been investigated in various past studies, however, most of the studies conducted the experiment under laboratory conditions with the allelopathic effect being tested by applying the aqueous extract of the weed directly on the test plants. This study aimed to examine the allelopathic effect of the leaf litter of parthenium weed under more natural conditions. Fresh leaves were oven dried and crushed to crude powder, hereafter referred to as leaf litter. The leaf litter were incorporated into the upper layer of the media of Greenfingers compost bark in pots. In to this were sown the seeds of the test plans then set to germinate. Another treatment without leaf litter was set up as a series of control. The treatments were arranged in simple randomized design in the glasshouse. After one week, any seedling produced were counted and thinned to five seedlings per pot. The plants produced from these seedlings were harvested after further 40 days of growth and the growth parameter including root length, shoot length, and dry weight were measured. The measurable growth reduction increased as the amount of parthenium weed leaf litter increased but variability between results existed. The uncontrollable factors and seasonal conditions may cause this variability, in addition to the seed quality. The chemicals contained within the parthenium weed leaf litter has been shown to affect crop growth presumably through allelopathic activity under natural field conditions.

Allelopathic effect of parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) leaf litter on the seedling emergence and growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Efforts to increase eggplant productivity are often constrained by plant damage by phytopathogens and pests. The use of secondary metabolites which are the result of the metabolism of biological agents for the control of phytopathogens and destructive pests in plants, and this is an environmentally friendly control measure. This study aimed to examine the use of secondary metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum to control fruit rot disease Phomopsis vexans and leaf destroying pests of Epilachna sp., and to increase eggplant yield. The treatments tried were secondary metabolites with concentrations of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30%. The results showed that treatment of secondary metabolites of T. harzianum suppressed fruit rot disease Phomopsis, but had no effect on leaf damage by Epilachna. Treatment with a concentration of 10%, 20% and 30% respectively can reduce the intensity of the disease 51.65%, 64.25% and 69.63%. Leaf damage by Epilachna sp. was classified as mild for all concentration levels, ranging from 3.65 to 4.32%. Treatment of T. harzianum secondary metabolites with various levels of concentration affected on the fruit length, but did not affect on number of fruit, fruit diameter, and fruit weight.

Efek Penggunaan Metabolit Sekunder Trichoderma harzianum terhadap Penyakit Busuk Buah Phomopsis, Hama Perusak Daun Epilachna, dan Hasil Tanaman Terung

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Widia Eka Putri

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

The Effect of Allelochemical of Parthenium hysterophorus L., Eucalyptus creba F. Muell., and Casuarina cunninghamiana Miq. on the Germination and Seedling Growth of Lepidium sativum L.

Allelopathic effect of parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) leaf litter on the seedling emergence and growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Efek Penggunaan Metabolit Sekunder Trichoderma harzianum terhadap Penyakit Busuk Buah Phomopsis, Hama Perusak Daun Epilachna, dan Hasil Tanaman Terung