Growth of adolescents who were born at extremely low birth weight without major disability

Short stature and excess weight in adulthood are both associated with an increased risk of health problems. In a population-based investigation, data on birth length, birth weight, and gestational age for males born in Sweden in 1976 were used to predict the risk of being short or overweight in adulthood. The Swedish Birth Register was used to identify singleton males, born to Nordic mothers, who were without malformations and alive at 18 y of age. After individual record linkage between the Birth Register and the Swedish Conscript Register, information about height and weight at 18-21 y was obtained for 90% (n = 39901) of the birth cohort. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the risk of being short or overweight at conscription. The odds ratio (OR) was used to estimate relative risk. At conscription, mean height (+/-SD) was 179.5+/-6.6 cm, mean weight 72.1+/-11.2 kg, and mean body mass index 22.3+/-3.1 kg/m2. The risk of short adult stature ( +2 SD) was primarily associated with a high ponderal index (> +2 SD; OR = 1.8). In conclusion, anthropometric birth data are better predictors of short stature than of being overweight in adulthood. Among anthropometric data at birth, birth length is the most important predictor of adult height.

/pdf/prediction-of-male-adult-stature-using-anthropometric-data-2ul6lio0jl.pdf

Prediction of Male Adult Stature Using Anthropometric Data at Birth: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

Information on the likelihood of catch up growth in poorly grown very low birthweight children is sparse. The centiles for weight, height, and head circumference were recorded at both 2 and 5 years of age for 135 very low birthweight children and 42 normal birthweight children. At both ages significantly more children of very low birth weight were under the 10th centile for weight and height. Children of birth weight under 1000 g were more often under the 10th centile for weight at 5 years compared with those of birth weight 1000-1500 g. Mean incremental weight gain between 2 and 5 years was significantly less for very low birthweight children. Mean increment in weight from 2 to 5 years was less for very low birthweight children who had been under the 10th centile for weight at 2 years; children who had been under the 10th centile for height also had lower mean height increments. The growth centiles achieved by 2 years of age were useful predictors of poor growth at 5 years, with perinatal data of marginal importance. Only six of 43 (14%) children with a weight at 5 years of age under the 10th centile were small for gestational age at birth. Very low birthweight children who had a weight or height under the 10th centile at 2 years of age usually remained in this category at 5 years with no evidence of catch up growth.

https://adc.bmj.com/content/archdischild/64/3/379.full.pdf

Growth and very low birth weight.

The aim of the study was to determine audiological function at 14 years of age of very-low-birthweight (VLBW 1500g) children compared with a cohort of normal birthweight (NBW >2499g) children. Participants were consecutive surviving preterm children of birthweight <1000 g born between 1977 and 1982 (n=86) and of birthweight 1000 to 1500g born between 1980 and 1982 (n=124) and randomly selected NBW children born between 1981 and 1982 (n=60). Audiometric tests included pure tone audiometry, tympanometry, stapedius muscle reflexes, and measures of central auditory processing. Psychometric tests included measures of IQ, academic achievement, and behaviour. There were no significant differences in rates of hearing impairment, abnormal tympanograms, figure-ground problems, or digit recall between VLBW children and NBW control children. VLBW children had higher rates of some central auditory processing problems, which in turn were associated with poorer intellectual, academic, and behavioural progress.

Auditory function at 14 years of age of very‐low‐birthweight children

The aim of the study was to determine audiological function at 14 years of age of very-low-birthweight (VLBW 2499 g) children. Participants were consecutive surviving preterm children of birthweight < 1000 g born between 1977 and 1982 (n=86) and of birthweight 1000 to 1500 g born between 1980 and 1982 (n=124) and randomly selected NBW children born between 1981 and 1982 (n=60). Audiometric tests included pure tone audiometry, tympanometry, stapedius muscle reflexes, and measures of central auditory processing. Psychometric tests included measures of IQ, academic achievement, and behaviour. There were no significant differences in rates of hearing impairment, abnormal tympanograms, figure-ground problems, or digit recall between VLBW children and NBW control children. VLBW children had higher rates of some central auditory processing problems, which in turn were associated with poorer intellectual, academic, and behavioural progress.

Auditory function at 14 years of age of very-low-birthweight.

Of 456 consecutive infants born in a tertiary maternity centre in 1966-70 and of birthweight under 1501 g, 171 (37.5%) survived their primary hospitalization. Subsequently three children died and the outcome of 142 (90.5%) of the remaining children presumably still alive were reviewed at a mean age of 14.5 years. Four children had cerebral palsy although only one child was legally blind, 31.6% (48/152) had an existing or corrected visual impairment; visual impairments occurred significantly more frequently in those of birthweight under 1251 g or those born before 29 weeks gestation. Six children required hearing aids and three others were still epileptic. Four children were chronic asthmatics and one had rheumatoid arthritis. None had disabling malformations and there was no delay in pubertal changes. The distributions of weight, height and head circumference percentiles were not significantly different from a standard Australian population. For children in the cohort, weights and heights were under the 10th percentile in 13.4% and 14.1%, respectively. Of the 30 children with birthweights under the 10th percentile and who were reviewed as teenagers, only eight (26.7%) were still in this weight category.

Longitudinal study of very low birthweight infants: impairments, health and distance growth to 14 years of age.

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Longitudinal study of very low birthweight infants: impairments, health and distance growth to 14 years of age.