Proteome analysis requires fast methods with high separation efficiencies in order to screen the various cell and tissue types for their proteome expression and monitor the effect of environmental conditions and time on this expression. The established two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) is by far too slow for a consequential screening. Moreover, it is not precise enough to observe changes in protein concentrations. There are various approaches that promise faster, automated proteome analysis. This article concentrates on capillary (CT isoelectric focusing coupled to mass spectrometry (CIEF-MSn) and preparative IEF followed by size-exclusion chromatography, hyphenated with MS (PIEF-SEC-MS). These two approaches provide a similar separation pattern as the established 2-DE technique and therefore allow for the continued use of data based on this traditional approach. Their performances have been discussed and compared to 2-DE, evaluating 169 recent articles. Data on analysis time, automation, the detection limit, quantitation, peak capacity, mass and pI accuracy, as well as on the required sample amount are compared in a table.

Possibilities to improve automation, speed and precision of proteome analysis: a comparison of two-dimensional electrophoresis and alternatives.

(Butadiene)zirconocene adds to B(C6F5)3 to form the metallacyclic metallocene–boron betaine system 1, which contains a C–F → Zr interaction. Addition of tert-butylisocyanide or tert-butyl-cyanide leads to cleavage of the zirconium – fluorine linkage and formation of the adducts 4 and 7, respectively. With additional tert-butylisocyanide, 4 reacts further to yield the corresponding η2-imino-acyl betaines 5 and 6 (2 stereoisomers), whereas 7 inserts additional tert-butyl-cyanide into the Zr–C bond to give a chiral metallacyclic N-zirconaketimine complex that is probably stabilized by an internal borate → Zr interaction. Ethene and propene insertion reactions into the Zr - C bond of 1 follow a similar course: the mono-insertion products 9 and 10, respectively, generated in situ and characterized by NMR spectroscopy at – 35°C in [D8]toluene solution, are chiral and are also stabilized by internal borate → Zr coordination. Complexes 9 and 10 are likely to be intermediates in the formation of active homogeneous Ziegler polymerization catalysts.

Observing a homogeneous ziegler catalyst precursor at work : insertion reactions into the zirconium-carbon bond of the (butadiene)zrcp2/b(c6f5)3 addit ion product

The crystal structure of [Ag3(TpAn)2][ClO4], where TpAn is tris[3-(2-methoxyphenyl)pyrazol-1-yl]hydroborate, shows a unique trinucleating bridging coordination mode for the tris(pyrazolyl)borate: each of the two ligands coordinates one pyrazolyl donor to each of the three two-coordinate Ag(I) ions, affording a triangular complex in which each face is capped by a µ3-η1∶η1∶η1-tris(pyrazolyl)borate.

An unprecedented trinucleating bridging mode (μ3-η1,η1,η1) of a tris(pyrazolyl)borate in a trinuclear silver(I) complex

The formation of molecular oxygen from water in photosynthesis is catalyzed by photosystem II at an active site containing four manganese ions that are arranged in di-mu-oxo dimanganese units (where mu is a bridging mode). The complex [H2O(terpy)Mn(O)2Mn(terpy)OH2](NO3)3 (terpy is 2,2':6', 2"-terpyridine), which was synthesized and structurally characterized, contains a di-mu-oxo manganese dimer and catalyzes the conversion of sodium hypochlorite to molecular oxygen. Oxygen-18 isotope labeling showed that water is the source of the oxygen atoms in the molecular oxygen evolved, and so this system is a functional model for photosynthetic water oxidation.

A functional model of the O-O bond formation by the O2-evolving complex in photosystem II

Inorganic Chemistry 1998

Immer mehr Hauptgruppenelemente „erobern” grose Molekule und die supramolekulare Chemie. Die strukturelle Charakterisierung kleiner Molekule oder einfacher Ionen kommt weiter voran. Die Koordinationschemie, mit dem Ubergangsmetallzentrum im Mittelpunkt aller Untersuchungen und von wachsender Bedeutung fur die bioanorganische Chemie, sowie die Organometallchemie, unerschopfliches Reservoir neuer Katalysatoren, liefern ebenfalls neue supramolekulare Architekturen.

Anorganische Chemie 1996

Die Suche nach ungewohnlichen Strukturen und Bindungsverhaltnissen bestimmt weiterhin die Molekulchemie der Hauptgruppenelemente. Porphyrine, Cluster, helicale und chirale Systeme sind Schwerpunkte koordinationschemischer Forschung. In der Bioanorganischen Chemie gewinnen medizinische Fragen immer starker an Gewicht.

https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/nadc.20000480309

Anorganische Chemie 1999

Die anorganische Molekulchemie erschliest neue Element-Element-Kombinationen und stellt Bindungskonzepte auf die Probe. Homogene Katalyse, die koordinative Stabilisierung reaktiver Molekule und der Aufbau neuartiger Materialien mit masgeschneidertem Eigenschaftsprofil pragen die Organometallchemie. Innerhalb der Komplexchemie sind die Bioanorganische Chemie und die Selbstorganisation zu immer komplexeren Strukturen die Gebiete mit der grosten Dynamik.

Anorganische Chemie 1998

Neuartige Strukturelemente in der elementorganischen Chemie, faszinierende Cluster, Makromolekule und Dendrimere kennzeichnen die Fortschritte der Hauptgruppenchemie. Die Koordinationschemie bringt immer neue Komplexe mit ungewohnlichen Koordinationszahlen, Donoratomen oder Bindungsordnungen hervor. Katalyse, elektronisch interessante Materialien, neue Metall-Ligand-Kombinationen, grose Ringsysteme, Polymere - die metallorganische Chemie ist in vielen Bereichen prasent.

Anorganische Chemie 1997

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