Recent progress in rational structural regulation for high-efficiency potassium-ion batteries is reviewed. 

Recent advances in rational design for high-performance potassium-ion batteries

Mn-based layered oxide is extensively investigated as a promising cathode material for potassium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity and natural abundance of manganese. However, the Jahn-Teller distortion caused by high-spin Mn3+ (t2g 3 eg 1 ) destabilizes the host structure and reduces the cycling stability. Here, K0.02 Na0.55 Mn0.70 Ni0.25 Zn0.05 O2 (denoted as KNMNO-Z) is reported to inhibit the Jahn-Teller effect and reduce the irreversible phase transition. Through the implementation of a Zn-doping strategy, higher Mn valence is achieved in the KNMNO-Z electrode, resulting in a reduction of Mn3+ amount and subsequently leading to an improvement in cyclic stability. Specifically, after 1000 cycles, a high retention rate of 97% is observed. Density functional theory calculations reveals that low-valence Zn2+ ions substituting the transition metal position of Mn regulated the electronic structure around the MnO bonding, thereby alleviating the anisotropic coupling between oxidized O2- and Mn4+ and improving the structural stability. K0.02 Na0.55 Mn0.70 Ni0.25 Zn0.05 O2 provided an initial discharge capacity of 57 mAh g-1 at 100 mA g-1 and a decay rate of only 0.003% per cycle, indicating that the Zn-doped strategy is effective for developing high-performance Mn-based layered oxide cathode materials in PIBs.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/smll.202302160

Zinc-Doping Strategy on P2-Type Mn-Based Layered Oxide Cathode for High-Performance Potassium-ion Batteries.

Al and Cr ions co-doped spinel manganese lithium ion-sieve with enhanced Li+ adsorption performance and structural stability

Emerging energy storage systems have received significant attention along with the development of renewable energy, thereby creating a green energy platform for humans. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are commonly used, such as in smartphones, tablets, earphones, and electric vehicles. However, lithium has certain limitations including safety, cost-effectiveness, and environmental issues. Sodium is believed to be an ideal replacement for lithium owing to its infinite abundance, safety, low cost, environmental friendliness, and energy storage behavior similar to that of lithium. Inhered in the achievement in the development of LIBs, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have rapidly evolved to be commercialized. Among the cathode, anode, and electrolyte, the cathode remains a significant challenge for achieving a stable, high-rate, and high-capacity device. In this review, recent advances in the development and optimization of cathode materials, including inorganic, organometallic, and organic materials, are discussed for SIBs. In addition, the challenges and strategies for enhancing the stability and performance of SIBs are highlighted.

Recent Advances in Sodium-Ion Batteries: Cathode Materials

As a result of the redox reaction of lattice oxygen occurring at 4.5 V, the Li-rich manganese cathode material with an O3 configuration has a theoretically high discharge capacity (>250 mA h/g). However, it also suffers a structural transition from layered structure to spinel structure in the cycling process, leading to severe voltage decay and capacity fading. On contrary, the O6 type material obtained via ion exchange of P2 type material can effectively inhibit the phase transition and stabilize the layered structure. Hence, in this work, we design an O6/O3 multi-phase composite material after ion exchange of the P2/O3 nanocrystalline composite. Compared with the O3 type cathode, the as-obtained cathode composite exhibits a higher initial discharge capacity (≈265 mA h/g at 20 mA/g) and an excellent capacity retention (≈87% after 100 cycles). Moreover, the first cycle Coulombic efficiency increases by nearly 10%, and voltage attenuation is effectively inhibited. Our findings demonstrate that modulating the O6/O3 configuration is a practical and simple methodology to promote the electrochemical performance of lithium-rich layered materials. 

Layered O6/O3 Multi-Phase Composite Derived from the P2/O3 Nanocrystalline Composite for High-Performance Li-Rich Manganese-Based Cathode Material

Enhanced cyclic performance of O2-type Mn-based layered oxide via Al doping for lithium-ion battery

Lithium-rich layered Mn-based materials have attracted much attention because of their high specific capacity and high energy density, but they have the characteristics of irreversible capacity loss, low initial coulombic efficiency, and poor cycling performance. In this study, a core-shell structure, including Mn0.75Ni0.25C2O4 precursor as core and Li-rich Mn-based oxides (LRMO, Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2) as shell layer respectively, was synthesized by co-precipitation and sol-gel method. After sintering at high temperatures, the element concentration-gradient oxides material (LRMO-G) was formed. The material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and its electrochemical performance was investigated by various electrochemical methods. The LRMO-G material exhibits a high initial discharge specific capacity of 268 mAh/g at 0.1 C, and extremely superior capacity retention (95.4%) after 100 cycles at 1 C. The initial charge efficiency of the LRMO-G material increases to 85%, which is 12% higher than that of LRMO. 

Concentration-Gradient of Li-rich Mn-based cathode materials with enhanced cycling retention

Enhancing electrochemical performance of lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials through lithium sulfate coating

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Enhanced cyclic performance of O2-type Mn-based layered oxide via Al doping for lithium-ion battery

Concentration-Gradient of Li-rich Mn-based cathode materials with enhanced cycling retention

Enhancing electrochemical performance of lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials through lithium sulfate coating