The study of heterostructured materials (HSMs) answered one of the most pressing questions in the metallurgical field: “is it possible to greatly increase both the strength and the strain hardening, to avoid the “inevitable” loss of ductility?”. From the synergy between the deformation modes of zones with greatly different flow stress, low stacking fault energy (SFE) alloys can reduce their typical trade-off between strength and ductility. Stainless steel (SS) is a low-SFE material, which is widely applied for structural, biomedical, biosafety, food-processing, and daily applications. The possibility to combine its corrosion resistance and biocompatibility with the outstanding mechanical behaviour of HSMs can convert SS into a promising option for low-cost and high-effective advanced material. This paper reviews all the microstructural aspects of HS SS obtained by different processing methods and their correlation with crystallographic texture and properties such as mechanical, corrosion, biological, and magnetic characteristics. The critical comparison between experimental and modelling findings is also presented in terms of the deformation mechanisms, microstructural and texture features. Thus, the processing-microstructure-properties relationship in HS SS is the focus of this publication. The multi-disciplinary perspectives of HS SS are also discussed. This review paper will serve as a reference for understanding and designing new multi-functional HS SSs. 

Heterostructured stainless steel: Properties, current trends, and future perspectives

Corrosion and tribo-corrosion behaviors of nano-lamellar Ni1.5CrCoFe0.5Mo0.1Nbx eutectic high-entropy alloy coatings: The role of dual-phase microstructure

Surface characterization and corrosion behavior of 90/10 copper-nickel alloy in seawater from Xiamen bay at 30 °C for 56 days were investigated in this study. The results indicated that the corrosion product layer was mainly a mixture of CuO, Cu2O, and Cu(OH)2, with a transition to CuCl, CuCl2, and Cu2(OH)3Cl during the corrosion process. However, as corrosion proceeds, the resistance of the product film was reduced due to its heterogeneous and fairly porous structures, which led to local corrosion of the alloy. The corrosion potentials (Ecorr) increase while corrosion current densities (Icorr) decrease with time because of the formation of protective oxide film.

Surface Characterization and Corrosion Behavior of 90/10 Copper-Nickel Alloy in Marine Environment

Ultrasonic surface rolling process (USRP) is a novel surface severe plastic deformation (SPD) method that integrates ultrasonic impact peening (UIP) and deep rolling (DR) to enhance the surface integrity and surface mechanical properties of engineering materials. USRP can induce gradient nanostructured surface (GNS) layers on the substrate, providing superior mechanical properties, thus preventing premature material failure. Herein, a comprehensive overview of current-state-of-the art USRP is provided. More specifically, the effect of the USRP on a broad range of materials exclusively used for aerospace, automotive, nuclear, and chemical industries is explained. Furthermore, the effect of USRP on different mechanical properties, such as hardness, tensile, fatigue, wear resistance, residual stress, corrosion resistance, and surface roughness are summarized. In addition, the effect of USRP on grain refinement and the formation of gradient microstructure is discussed. Finally, this study elucidates the application and recent advances of the USRP process.

Ultrasonic Surface Rolling Process: Properties, Characterization, and Applications

Fabrication of metal-organic based complex film based on three-valent samarium ions-[bis (phosphonomethyl) amino] methylphosphonic acid (ATMP) for effective corrosion inhibition of mild steel in simulated seawater

Cu 10Ni alloy with a gradient nano-structured surface layer was synthesized by ultrasonic surface rolling process (USRP). The microstructure and mechanical properties of the nanosurface layer were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), microhardness testing, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The corrosion behavior of the USRPed and coarse-grained (CG) Cu 10Ni alloy in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was investigated. The results showed that the topmost surface possessed an average grain size of 70 nm, and the corresponding surface hardness increased by 80% after USRP treatment. Additionally, the electrochemical test results showed that the USRPed Cu 10Ni alloy exhibits enhanced corrosion resistance relative to that of the CG sample in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The higher corrosion resistance of the nanograined Cu 10Ni alloy was attributed to the nanograined surface promoting the formation of a passivation film on the surface during the corrosion process, which can effectively prevent further corrosion. This study demonstrates that the hardness properties and corrosion resistance of Cu 10Ni alloys can be improved simultaneously by means of surface nanocrystallization.

Enhanced corrosion resistance of a Cu10Ni alloy in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution by means of ultrasonic surface rolling treatment

Enhanced mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of rolled Mg-1.5Sn-0.5Ca alloy by Ce microalloying

Surface nanocrystallisation (SNC) was prepared on the top-surface layer of 304 stainless steel by ultrasonic surface rolling treatment (USRT). Meanwhile, martensite transformation also occurred during grain refinement, and the surface microhardness increased more than tripled after USRT. The corrosion resistance of nanocrystallines (NC) 304 stainless steel was notably better than that of untreated samples in simulated pressurised water reactor (PWR) secondary water by potentiodynamic polarisation curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Mott-Schottky curves. Meanwhile, the corrosion mechanism was discussed before and after USRT by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The main reason is due to the formation of denser Cr(OH)3 protective film and the reduction of the porous structure Fe2O3 content in the NC 304 stainless steel.

Corrosion behaviour of nanocrystallines 304 stainless steel in simulated secondary side environment

The invention discloses a coating preparation method based on hard alloy substrate surface nanocrystallization. The coating preparation method based on the hard alloy substrate surface nanocrystallization comprises the steps that S1, a substrate is prepared, specifically, a diamond frosted disk is adopted to grind and polish the surface of a coarse-grain hard alloy substrate; S2, the surface is cleaned; S3, surface nanocrystallization is carried out, specifically, the surface of the coarse-grain hard alloy substrate is subjected to the surface nanocrystallization, the method of the surface nanocrystallization is at least one of ultrasonic shot-peening, ultrasonic rolling or ultrasonic peening; and S4, a coating is prepared, specifically, after a substrate material is subjected to ultrasonic cleaning and is dried, the substrate material is put into a sputtering chamber, a TiAlN coating plating is carried out by a magnetron sputtering method, and the coating is obtained. According to thecoating preparation method based on the hard alloy substrate surface nanocrystallization, the mechanical properties and the film-substrate combined capacity of the substrate material are improved, the combination properties of the coating are improved, the preparation technology is simple, the cost is low, and the problems in the prior art are solved.

Coating preparation method based on hard alloy substrate surface nanocrystallization

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Enhanced corrosion resistance of a Cu10Ni alloy in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution by means of ultrasonic surface rolling treatment

Enhanced mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of rolled Mg-1.5Sn-0.5Ca alloy by Ce microalloying

Corrosion behaviour of nanocrystallines 304 stainless steel in simulated secondary side environment

Coating preparation method based on hard alloy substrate surface nanocrystallization