To restore the natural nitrogen cycle (N-cycle), artificial N-cycle electrocatalysis with flexibility, sustainability, and compatibility can convert intermittent renewable energy (e.g., wind) to harmful or value-added chemicals with minimal carbon emissions. The background of such N-cycles, such as nitrogen fixation, ammonia oxidation, and nitrate reduction, is briefly introduced here. The discussion of emerging nanostructures in various conversion reactions is focused on the architecture/compositional design, electrochemical performances, reaction mechanisms, and instructive tests. Energy device advancements for achieving more functions as well as in situ/operando characterizations toward understanding key steps are also highlighted. Furthermore, some recently proposed reactions as well as less discussed C–N coupling reactions are also summarized. We classify inorganic nitrogen sources that convert to each other under an applied voltage into three types, namely, abundant nitrogen, toxic nitrate (nitrite), and nitrogen oxides, and useful compounds such as ammonia, hydrazine, and hydroxylamine, with the goal of providing more critical insights into strategies to facilitate the development of our circular nitrogen economy.

https://www.sciopen.com/article_pdf/1531201054523838466.pdf

Recent advances in nanostructured heterogeneous catalysts for N-cycle electrocatalysis

Electrocatalytic conversion of nitrate waste into ammonia: a review

Artificial electrocatalytic ammonia (NH3) synthesis is recently becoming a research hotspot. It can couple with clean renewable electricity, which is considered an energy-efficient and sustainable approach for regulating the recirculation of nitrogen species and meanwhile promoting the growth of a circular nitrogen economy. In this Account, we review recent advances in electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis. Firstly, we briefly introduce the research background and significance of three electrochemical NH3 synthesis routes: electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction, nitric oxide reduction, and nitrate/nitrite reduction. And then we give a detailed discussion of the latest research advances in electrocatalysts for ambient NH3 synthesis, mainly involving catalytic mechanisms, theoretical advances, and electrochemical performance. Finally, the existing challenges and future research needs for artificial electrosynthesis of NH3 are also highlighted. 

Recent advances in electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis

Iridium single-atom catalyst for highly efficient NO electroreduction to NH3

http://www.cell.com/article/S258900422301177X/pdf

High-efficiency electrocatalytic nitrite reduction toward ammonia synthesis on CoP@TiO2 nanoribbon array

The ever-increasing anthropic NO emission from fossil fuel combustion has resulted in a series of severe environmental issues. Ambient electrocatalytic NO reduction has emerged as a promising route for sustainable...

Efficient nitric oxide electroreduction toward ambient ammonia synthesis catalyzed by a CoP nanoarray

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Efficient nitric oxide electroreduction toward ambient ammonia synthesis catalyzed by a CoP nanoarray