Erik Eriksen is a remarkable individual. He has no college degrees yet is Professor of Human Development at Harvard University. He came to psychology via art, which explains why the reader will find him painting contexts and backgrounds rather than stating dull facts and concepts. He has been a training psychoanalyst for many years as well as a perceptive observer of cultural and social settings and their effect on growing up. This is not just a book on childhood. It is a panorama of our society. Anxiety in young children, apathy in American Indians, confusion in veterans of war, and arrogance in young Nazis are scrutinized under the psychoanalytic magnifying glass. The material is well written and devoid of technical jargon. The theme of the volume is that it is human to have a long childhood which will leave a lifelong residue of emotional immaturity in man. Primitive groups and

Childhood and Society.

Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling (2nd ed.)

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(02)09678-2.pdf

Childhood obesity: public-health crisis, common sense cure

Objective To develop a reliable and valid child and parent self- report instrument to screen children with anxiety disorders. Method An 85-item questionnaire was administered to 341 outpatient children and adolescents and 300 parents. Utilizing item analyses and factor analyses, the original scale was reduced to 38 items. A subsample of children ( n = 88) and parents ( n = 86) was retested an average of 5 weeks (4 days to 15 weeks) after the initial screening. Results The child and parent Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) both yielded five factors: somatic/panic, general anxiety, separation anxiety, social phobia, and school phobia. For the total score and each of the five factors, both the child and parent SCARED demonstrated good internal consistency (α = .74 to .93), test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients=.70 to .90), discriminative validity (both between anxiety and other disorders and within anxiety disorders), and moderate parent-child agreement ( r = .20 to .47, p Conclusions The SCARED shows promise as a screening instrument for anxiety disorders. Future studies using the SCARED in community samples are indicated.

The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): Scale Construction and Psychometric Characteristics

Discrepancies often exist among different informants' (e.g., parents, children, teachers) ratings of child psychopathology. Informant discrepancies have an impact on the assessment, classification, and treatment of childhood psychopathology. Empirical work has identified informant characteristics that may influence informant discrepancies. Limitations of previous work include inconsistent measurement of informant discrepancies and, perhaps most importantly, the absence of a theoretical framework to guide research. In this article, the authors present a theoretical framework (the Attribution Bias Context Model) to guide research and theory examining informant discrepancies in the clinic setting. Needed directions for future research and theory include theoretically driven attention to conceptualizing informant discrepancies across informant pairs (e.g., parent-teacher, mother-father, parent-child, teacher-child) as well as developing experimental approaches to decrease informant discrepancies in the clinic setting.

/pdf/informant-discrepancies-in-the-assessment-of-childhood-2jxtaajm7d.pdf

Informant discrepancies in the assessment of childhood psychopathology: a critical review, theoretical framework, and recommendations for further study.

Treatment specificity and long-term recovery mediation of peer-involvement group cognitive behavioral therapy (GCBT) and parent-involvement CBT (PCBT) were investigated for youth anxiety disorders....

Group- versus Parent-Involvement CBT for Childhood Anxiety Disorders: Treatment Specificity and Long-term Recovery Mediation.

This article provides a summary of what is currently known about the classification of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents; the issues of reliability and validity, both external and internal validity, are the focus. Anxiety disorders can be reliably diagnosed in children and adolescents when structured and/or semi-structured diagnostic interview schedules are used. Although there is strong evidence for the external validity of the broad category of anxiety disorders, the findings are uneven for the specific disorders. Findings relating to external validity also vary depending on the criteria used in the external validation process. Considerably less research has been conducted on internal validity. The little work that has been done generally supports the DSM-IV's internal structure, although this remains an issue that is controversial and requires more research attention. Issues that remain unknown include the reliability of anxiety diagnoses with relative low prevalence in youth, the specifici...

Classification of anxiety disorders in children: what a difference two decades make

BACKGROUND: Fear and anxiety in children are associated with similar symptoms in parents. Parental modeling of fearful or avoidant behavior is believed to contribute to this association. We employed a novel motion-tracking experimentation platform to test the hypothesis that mothers' behavioral avoidance of spiders moderates the association between fear of spiders in mothers and children. METHOD: Participants were 86 children (aged 7-17) presenting with an anxiety disorder, and their mothers. Children and mothers completed the Spider Phobia Questionnaire. Mothers completed a motion-tracking assessment of behavioral avoidance of spiders. RESULTS: Fear of spiders in mothers was associated with fear of spiders in children (r85 = 0.48, 95%CI 0.30 - 0.63, P CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates that behavioral avoidance can be measured using the motion-tracking platform and can be useful in understanding the links between symptoms of anxiety in mothers and children. Reducing parents' overt expressions of avoidance may lower the risk of fears being transmitted to children. Language: en

Avoidance moderates the association between mothers' and children's fears: findings from a novel motion-tracking behavioral assessment

Clinical issues in treating children with anxiety and phobic disorders

Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: Psychosocial interventions for anxiety disorders in children: status and future directions

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