A K-/Ka-band shared-aperture endfire phased array antenna is presented in this article. The antenna has the properties of dual wide bandwidths, orthogonal circular polarizations (CPs), wide beam coverage, and high isolation between the K-band and Ka-band channels. In this work, a new array topology is proposed to enhance the design freedom and the periodicity of the antenna array. Then, the filtering structures used to reflect the crossband coupled power also enhance the isolation between the K-band and Ka-band channels. The crossband mutual coupling is reflected and reradiated to generate the wideband CP beams. The high-order parallel plate waveguide (PPW) mode is suppressed to realize the wide CP beam coverage. The working bands at the boresight are 17.7–21.2 and 27.5–31.0 GHz, respectively. The polarizations are right-hand CP (RHCP) in K-band and left-hand CP (LHCP) in Ka-band. The maximal scan angles are ±60°. The axial ratios (ARs) are below 3 dB at boresight and below 5 dB when the beam scans to ±60°. The isolation between the K-band and Ka-band channels is higher than 40 dB. 

K-/Ka-Band Shared-Aperture Phased Array With Wide Bandwidth and Wide Beam Coverage for LEO Satellite Communication

Millimeter wave (mm-Wave) wireless communication systems require high gain antennas to overcome path loss effects and thereby enhance system coverage. This paper presents the design and analysis of an antenna array for high gain performance of future mm-wave 5G communication systems. The proposed antenna is based on planar microstrip technology and fabricated on 0.254 mm thick dielectric substrate (Rogers-5880) having a relative permittivity of 2.2 and loss tangent of 0.0009. The single radiating element used to construct the antenna array is a microstrip patch that has a configuration resembling a two-pronged fork. The single radiator has a realized gain of 7.6 dBi. To achieve the gain required by 5G base stations, a 64-element array antenna design is proposed which has a bore side gain of 21.2 dBi at 37.2 GHz. The 8 × 8, 8 × 16, and 8 × 32 antenna array designs described here were simulated and optimized using CST Microwave Studio, which is a 3D full-wave electromagnetic solver. The overall characteristics of the array in terms of reflection-coefficient and radiation patterns makes the proposed design suitable for mm-Wave 5G and other communication systems. 

/pdf/design-of-high-gain-base-station-antenna-array-for-mm-wave-2r8hwfmz.pdf

Design of high gain base station antenna array for mm-wave cellular communication systems

In this brief, a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) bandpass filter (BPF) with wide out-of-band rejection is researched and fabricated with the center frequency of 45.8 GHz and 3-dB FBW of 2.18%. Due to the exploitation of electronic excitation, higher order modes mismatch and orthogonal transmission, the simulated and measured out-of-band rejection is better than 20 dB with frequencies up to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$7.6f_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.4f_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively. Diplexer with stopband suppression better than 30 dB up to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.87f_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is proposed based on the theory of the proposed filter. Dual-mode resonator operating with TE301 mode (43.8 GHz) and TE103 mode (45.8 GHz) has been designed to provide the transition of two filter channels. High isolation better than 27 dB over the whole band can be achieved. Transmission zeros (TZs) are generated by spurious resonances under electrical excitation, resulting in high selectively of the passbands. Good agreements between simulations and measurements can be observed.

Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Band-Pass Filter and Diplexer With Controllable Transmission Zeros and Wide-Stopband

In this article, we introduce a dual-metasurface-based imaging radar deception jamming system to address the inherent angular sensitivity of metasurface in radar signal modulation. In this proposed architecture, two metasurfaces are integrated with their respective horn antennas to form the radio frequency (RF) transceiver components responsible for echo modulation. The receiving and transmitting parts are directly connected using a detector and a power amplifier. During regular operation, the metasurface in the receiving portion detects the direction of the radar signal through spatial beam scanning, while the transmitting part metasurface modulates the phase of the radar signal in the temporal dimension, thereby incorporating artificially generated target information into the monostatic echoes. Based on the theoretical analysis, a practical system architecture was constructed, and then, outfield experiments were conducted. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed jammer is capable of generating multiple artificial targets while concealing the original target in the high-resolution range profile (HRRP) under oblique incidences, thereby confirming the angular adaptability and scattering enhancement of the proposed deception jamming system.

A Dual-Metasurface Based Imaging Radar Deception Jammer with Angular Adaptability and Scattering Enhancement

In this design, a novel inverted F antenna with a low profile feed structure is proposed for millimeter-wave (mmW) applications. The array element consists of a printed inverted F antenna and a L-shaped parasitic deflector, approximately forming a structure similar to the Yagi-Uda antenna. The gain could be increased and the impedance bandwidth could be broadened by the structure. And, it is important to realize the miniaturization of the antenna element by bending the parasitic deflector based on the traditional deflector without affecting the performance. The proposed antenna has a low feed substrate height (0.254 mm∼0.02λ0), which makes it easy to integrate with planar circuits. As proof, a 1 × 4 array model with an impedance bandwidth of 20.5% (23.0–28.3 GHz) is designed and measured. The inverted F array demonstrated is an important candidate for mmW applications due to its wide bandwidth, miniaturization, ease of integration with planar circuits, and low manufacturing cost.

/pdf/5g-millimeter-wave-endfire-array-antenna-with-printed-1nq46hke.pdf

5G Millimeter Wave Endfire Array Antenna with Printed Inverted-F Structure

In this communication, a broadband endfire circularly polarized (CP) antenna with a low-profile feeding structure is proposed for millimeter-wave (mmW) applications. The array element consists of a horizontally oriented printed electric dipole and a vertically aligned tapered slot radiator, exciting two orthogonal radiated electric-field components simultaneously. The amplitude and phase relationships between these two field components can be adjusted by balancing the response of the tapered slot and dipole radiators, thereby producing CP radiated wave. Importantly, a parasitic director is introduced near the printed dipole to compensate for the gain degradation of the dipole element at higher frequencies, thus significantly expanding the axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of the CP element. Compared with other reported endfire CP antennas, the proposed antenna owns a lower profile of feeding substrate (0.508mm ~ 0.056 λ0), making it amenable for convenient integration with planar front-end circuits. As demonstration, an 1 × 8 array prototype is designed and measured, exhibiting an impedance bandwidth of 42.1% (27.45 - 42.1 GHz) and a 3-dB AR bandwidth of 35.8% (27.5 - 39.5 GHz). The demonstrated CP array is a promising candidate for wideband mmW applications due to its advantages of wideband, ease of integration with planar circuits, and low fabrication cost.

Broadband Millimeter-Wave Endfire Circularly Polarized Array With a Low-Profile Feeding Structure

This letter presents a novel dual-polarized leaky-wave antenna (LWA) based on mode-multiplexed feeding structure (FS). Substrate integrated waveguide with groove arrays is exploited to achieve mode-multiplexed FS and two working modes are excited at the same frequency range utilizing different feeding methods. Thirteen dumbbell-shaped patches are placed above the proposed FS and fed through coupling, achieving leaky-wave radiation. When the FS is excited by the microstrip line port, even-mode is obtained and the LWA works in horizontal polarization. With the slotline port excitation, odd-mode is excited and the LWA works in vertical polarization. Therefore, a dual-polarized LWA is realized by using one single transmission line with one type of radiating elements, leading to mode multiplexing in feeding structure and polarization multiplexing in radiating part. A prototype was fabricated and tested for verification. Measured results reveal that the beams can scan from backward to forward under two polarizations. Within the working bandwidth, the cross polarization below −20 dB is realized in the beam-scanning plane.

Dual-Polarized SIW Leaky-Wave Antenna Based on Mode-Multiplexed Feeding Structure

A 1-D wideband phased array of the rectangular ring dielectric resonator antenna (RRDRA) is presented for millimeter-wave (mmWave) applications. By using the characteristic mode analysis, it is found that the unwanted higher order mode (HOM) of the RRDRA results in severe gain degradation and high cross-polarization when the array scans. To remedy the problem, each RRDRA is loaded with a pair of silver strips. They can suppress unwanted HOM and enable good scanning performance in a wide frequency range. To demonstrate the idea, a $1\times $ 4 phased RRDRA array was designed, fabricated, and measured for the licensed mmWave bands (24.25–29.5 GHz). Reasonable agreement between the measured and simulated results is observed.

1-D Wideband Phased Dielectric Resonator Antenna Array With Improved Radiation Performance Using Characteristic Mode Analysis

This letter proposes a 60 GHz planar waveguide array antenna with high antenna efficiency, low cost, and low processing difficulty. The array integrates the radiating elements and the hollow E-plane waveguide feed network in a single-layer structure in a simple way. To demonstrate the idea, a 16×16 prototype was designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured 10 dB impedance bandwidth (|S11| ≤ −10 dB) is 16.4% with the antenna efficiency being 89.1% at 61.5 GHz. To the best of our knowledge, it has the highest antenna efficiency and the lowest processing difficulty among similar waveguide arrays.

Single-Layer Planar Waveguide Array Antenna With High Antenna Efficiency

This brief proposes two miniaturized substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) diplexers with wide stopband and high isolation based on orthogonal dual-mode technique. With the orthogonal dual-mode SIW junction-resonators to eliminate the traditional T-junctions, significant circuit miniaturization and the inter-channel isolations can be achieved for SIW diplexers. Additionally, the fractional bandwidth (FBW) diagrams are utilized to identify the feasible FBWs in both passbands effortlessly. To verify the developed method, two types of SIW diplexers centered at 12 and 14 GHz are synthesized and fabricated utilizing a single layer printed circuit board technology. The performances of both diplexers are demonstrated by the measured and simulated results.

Compact or Wide-Stopband SIW Diplexers With High Intrinsic Isolations Based on Orthogonal Dual Modes

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