In this review we intend to provide a relatively comprehensive summary of the work of supramolecular hydrogelators after 2004 and to put emphasis particularly on the applications of supramolecular hydrogels/hydrogelators as molecular biomaterials. After a brief introduction of methods for generating supramolecular hydrogels, we discuss supramolecular hydrogelators on the basis of their categories, such as small organic molecules, coordination complexes, peptides, nucleobases, and saccharides. Following molecular design, we focus on various potential applications of supramolecular hydrogels as molecular biomaterials, classified by their applications in cell cultures, tissue engineering, cell behavior, imaging, and unique applications of hydrogelators. Particularly, we discuss the applications of supramolecular hydrogelators after they form supramolecular assemblies but prior to reaching the critical gelation concentration because this subject is less explored but may hold equally great promise for helping ...

Supramolecular Hydrogelators and Hydrogels: From Soft Matter to Molecular Biomaterials

Homogeneous monoclinic GdPO4 particles composed of three intersecting lance-shaped crystals forming a penetration twin have been synthesized following a very restrictive, simple, and fast (10 min) method consisting of the hydrothermal reaction of gadolinium acetylacetonate with H3PO4 in a mixture of ethylene glycol and water at 180 °C. Slightly increasing the amount of water in the solvent mixture leads to hexagonal rodlike GdPO4·0.5H2O nanoparticles, whereas the variation of the Gd source, PO4 source, aging temperature, and polyol type gave rise to heterogeneous particles. The synthesis procedure is also suitable for the preparation of Eu3+-, Tb3+-, and Dy3+-doped GdPO4 particles with the same morphology and crystalline structure as the undoped materials. The effect of the doping level on the luminescent properties of the twinlike nanophosphors was evaluated, finding optimum doping levels of 5, 5, and 1% for the Eu3+-, Tb3+-, and Dy3+-doped materials, respectively. The twinlike GdPO4 nanophosphors were f...

A Novel 3D Architecture of GdPO4 Nanophosphors: Multicolored and White Light Emission

Hydrothermal synthesis and luminescent properties of LaPO4:Eu 3D microstructures with controllable phase and morphology

Structure and luminescence of YPO4:Dy3+ microflowers

Hydrothermal synthesis, characterization and luminescent properties of GdPO4·H2O:Tb3+ nanorods and nanobundles

Of the methods employed in the preparation of one-dimensional lanthanide phosphate (LnPO(4)) nanorods/nanowires, such as GdPO(4), the hydrothermal method has been mainly used as a synthetic route. In this study, we report a facile low-temperature solution approach to prepare GdPO 4*H(2)O nanorods by simply refluxing GdCl(3) and KH(2)PO(4) for only 15 min at 88 degrees C, an approach that can easily be scaled up by increasing the reagent amounts. We observed a highly viscous macroscopic hydrogel-like material when we mixed as-prepared GdPO(4)*H(2)O nanomaterials with H(2)O. Hydrogels are an important class of biomaterials. Their building blocks, normally formed from protein-, peptide-, polymer-, and lipid-based materials, offer three-dimensional scaffolds for drug delivery, tissue engineering, and biosensors. Our preliminary results showed that GdPO(4)*H(2)O hydrogels could be used for encapsulation and drug release, and that they were biocompatible, acting as scaffolds to foster cell proliferation. These findings suggested that they might have biomedical uses. Our findings may lead to the creation of other inorganic nanomaterial-based hydrogels apart from the organic and biomolecular protein-, peptide-, polymer-, and lipid-based building blocks.

Facile preparation of self-assembled hydrogel-like GdPO4*H2O nanorods.

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Facile preparation of self-assembled hydrogel-like GdPO4*H2O nanorods.